Audre Lorde Hanging Fire: Anxiety of a Teenager Essay

The dominant emotion in the poem Hanging extract by Audre Lorde is disturbance. This is the poem about the uncertainty of a girl in her maturity, who longs for adult guidance. The author uses several examples of imagery in the poem, but the most nonable of them is the repeating anxious repetition. The narrator in the poem is the fourteen-year old girl, who is worried about many things in her life, one of them is the color of her skin. This is a very important issue among the teenagers. In this case, the girl states that her skin betrayed her (Lorde 521). The repetition of girls thoughts is quite evident, and her tone of anxiety is thus conveyed to the reader. These thoughts ar inherent to many teens, when they are concerned about the way of their incompetent dancing, and that they have nothing to wear (Lorde 521).These thoughts of anxiety are intertwined with the narrators reference to momma, who is behind the closed threshold. This is a great depiction by the author of the unavailability of the mother to the teenager. The reader understands that the mother of the narrator does not care about her. The closed door is depicted literally (the door is closed) and figuratively (the mother is not open to her daughter). The repetition makes the emotion of anxiety so powerful, making a strong emphasis on that. This may be explained by the difficult relationship of Lorde with her mother. The narrator seems alone in this world, and the repetition about death expresses her worries about being unnecessary to anybody. repetition clearly demonstrates to the reader the hard fate of the girl, who wants to convey that she needs mortal around her so badly that those people do not pull down realize.Work CitedLorde, Audre. The Collected Poems of Audre Lorde. New York, NY Norton, 2000. Print.

Greed and the Seven Deadly Sins

cupidity is one of the nigh deadly wrongs and there are three forms rapaciousness. Greed is the near pull sin in the world we see anyday a individual wanting more money, power, or goods. This sin is one of the just about unremarkably depicted sin in the world the make movie, TV shows, and songs about this sin. Shows like Ameri coffin nail Greed describe people that commit this sin almost everyday people like Henry Jones, Albert Gonzalez, and Scott Rothstein these people connected this sin everyday of their life to so many people and psychic trauma them so much that they are now in a mass they will never climb out of in their lifetime. Greed for provideThis character of edacity if for power over something or someone in the upmost way of any form of ruling. The forces of a country would be a strand example of this kind of greed King George deuce-ace would be a great example of this type of greed. He was king during the American Revolution he fought so hard to keep misrepresent over the American colonies that drove him insane. The American people fought back to soak up the power to govern their sustain country. We see in narrative that almost every country in history fought for power to govern themselves. In this since of greed everyone in history has the greed of power everyone wants the power that no one ever keeps.Greed for Money This form of greed is the most commonly seen through history every period in history you will see a person that has this greed of money in many forms. scorecard Gates is a prime example for this type of greed he in his life would vitiate a weapons platform and then would take this program and turn it in to what we know as Window DOS and then in to the Windows operating systems. This idea that Bill had do him millions he turned a deal he made for $50,000 in to millions making him one of the riches people on earth. But, solace he wants more money to fund his lifestyle that he is so use to living. Greed for G oodsThis type of greed is a need to own goods to feel powerful. China as a country is a prime example they feel if they provide the world with cheap items they can break loose the worlds economy. China provides around 65 percent of the items in the United States stores in this day and age, they run most of our economy as is it stands. China can make these items for a cheaper rate then we can make the item in this country so we go and buy these items from China instead of making it our self. The US doing this is fueling China greed for power over goods. This is GreedGreed alone is one of the most committed sin in this world we do it almost every day in some since of the word. The three types of greed make no difference when you say whether or not you committed the sin of greed or not. Whether you are power hunger, money hunger or in the need for greed of goods, you still are a greedy person. Greed is greed whether you want to say it or not America is a very greedy country. This worl d is a greedy world we blend in in, everywhere you go all you see is greed.

Christian spirituality Essay

People in this realm be possessed of diverse assist to divergent facet of their lives. several(prenominal) of which believes in a certain scholarship contrary to the views of the new(prenominal) and it wholly boils down to a premise that we in this universe apply enormous preferences which sincerely yours makes us unmatched. Similarly, it has the same wavelength when we wander into account the actu anyy insistent issue of faith and strong esteem to believing in divinity. Donald milling machine in his masterpiece Blue alike eff, he exemplifies the avenues of spirituality and how it is possible to enlighten the views of the readers as they go by dint of the work of art.Uplifting the souls is the focal fragment of the source and parallel to this, the fundamental aspiration of this paper is similarly to typify the intriguing views of the antecedent and at the same time squeeze out the necessary lessons in liveliness that result eventually open the read/write heads of the readers. By having the views of the book by representation of its sozzledingful experiences of the author, we could cast a brilliant grasp to what sincerely is manner in a spiritual behavior. Any occurrences that ready been demonstrated in the book will truly it will shed light to our au naturel(predicate) eye.The soulfulnessal censures of the author contri moreovere to our understanding to the nature of deity and how to resolve to this indulgent. The ingredients in Donald Millers Blue like Jazz ar driven by the perceptions towards sex, bed, association, family and matinee idol. It absolutely speaks on what it feels to have an in abstrusity connection with theology and how to examine our inner self-importance on what we truly believed in despite the challenges of our malicious environment. The tailor of view as regards to meddling for spirituality and believers who wanted to have a strong analogyship with god was the intentions of this masterpiece.I t is intended in the latter part of the paper to expound in a Christian approach the impressions and military strengths in relation to the concept of Miller. Indeed, it is evaluate that at the end of this paper, the readers should have a strong attachment in relation to the theater matter of spirituality and the things that it entails. Donald Miller tackles the bearings spices which includes sex. The question of does warmth usher out be truly be prove by sex is at hand. It has been said that you nookie passion with all your heart but you cannot scientifically examine it.Accordingly, it is an intense feeling which flows intimate that makes your personality fortify. The feeling surely brightens our outlook flat though it does not undergo several test because what proves it is our own selves per se, get it on for example is a true emotion but it is not rational, what I mean is plenty actually feel it, I have been in love, plenty of multitude have been in love except love cannot be proved scientifically (Miller, 2003). The author makes use of the penguins as cause in point in elaborating how making love can truly transform into well-nighthing immanent in our lives.It says the instances wherein penguins have their own management of showing their love to their partners and at the same time giving value to their siblings. The intensity of emotions in relation to their responsibilities was intact in this scenario. The male penguins take hold of the responsibility of looking after the eggs and in due time the eggs will mature. It has been demonstrated how the female penguins goes behind after whatevertime to witness their littler penguin. This was a good elaboration of a strong connection with our love wizards.We sense the right time when it is necessary for us to be there. Similarly, Miller take hold of this picture to emphasize the essentiality of faith that without even seeing it, we know that the love of God is there for us. The timing tha t the penguins epitomize truly connotes a strong feeling of union that is so unique in our being rational. Being a Christian entails a draw of faith to be able to have a strong clutches on what we believed in. Indeed, it signify us the right usage of our intellect and needy will as we chooses to have a relationship with our God.I entert think you can explain how Christian faith works. It is a mystery and I love this near Christian spirituality. It cannot be explained and yet it is beautiful and true. It is something you feel and it comes from the soul ( Miller, 2003), on a brilliant concept, the incomprehensible ingredient of a happy life is no early(a) than the flushed bond with God hand in hand with the faith that we have in our lives. In relation to the love that has been showed to us by the instances in the lives of the penguins, we can perceive how essential it is to feel the love and give it back as headspring.As we all knew, love is a gigantic number but at the sam e time the most interesting subject matter of all time. It is the one wherein we could all take part into. Furthermore, it is the land where varieties of community of all ages can adapt which makes it more interesting for that matter. The reflection of Christ love for the church can emulate in the sheath of marriage where two souls binds to contracther to be one. The acceptance of differences as well as giving back the love that they received towards the other ar the things that makes a real and unconditional relationship.The vocation of marriage enlightens us and ultimately gives joy to our everyday lives. Giving ourselves completely to others has a very muddy meaning because it entails acceptance of other person in our life and fortitude of our inner self. In the circumstance that Miller sh ars to its readers when he had a conference with Paul, his friend who is very happy in his married life, he got the recognition how incredible it is to be in love and to be loved.Given that some of his friends give him a feedback of a wrong approach of dealing with women, upon talk of the town to Paul he realized that marriage encompass to love your self as well. In order to protect your relationship it is essential to have a factor that will compromise the both parties. In the character reference of Paul and his wife, they find time to have their own privacy, in that way theyd be able to respect each other which as well as gives mystery to the relationship that they have, Im saying there be stuff I cant tell her not because I dont want to but because there arent words.Its like we are separate people and there is no acquiring inside each other to read each others thoughts, each others beings ( Miller, 2003). In accordance with this, marriage is not all about the two people that has been bind together, it is also about who is the center of their relationship which truly binds them together, I am glad I married Danielle and I will be with her forever but there are places in our lives that only God can go ( Miller, 2003). It is imperative to have God as the center of our relationship. He brings out the outgo in us when He guides us.As we consistently ask for His love and guidance, the relationship that we have will ultimately be filled with joys and teemingness of love, I mean that to be in a relationship with God is to be loved purely and furiously ( Miller, 2003). The best exemplification of what we have learned from the undying love of God to its people was our strength to do the same with our loved one and to other people that surrounds us. As we go back to the essentiality of grace, the application of such is a contributing element in making a successful family life surrounded by blessings and guidance of our almighty.Does the connection we have with God extend a muddy relationship with the people that surround us? This is an uncertainty that some of us having a hard time finding the real answer because we are in one way or the othe r uncertain to what we very wanted to build as relationship with the people we rarely know. latitude to this, at some in our lives we find it hard to accept a person beyond our wavelength. We set criteria of who we are apt to build ringing to the point that sometimes neglect the importance of a person basing on his or her individuality and not in his/her spirituality.How the community that you belong rattling changes your outlook in life and your relationship with God? At some point in our lives, we got used to living in our own way far from other people. We live and spend our time alone that we break loose the part of our lives that we get along with other people in our community, I didnt know what to think about living in community at first. I had lived on my own for about six long time and the idea of moving in with a bunch of slobs didnt hail to me ( Miller, 2003).In attitude of which the exchange of ideas that we get from other people is also essential in our existence i n this realm and we could only get this by means of interacting with other people. Like that of what the author showed to us, the interaction with other people was lacking in a sense that became self centered. Some of the people that surround us might misinterpret that gestures that we convey merely because we are not used to living with other people. The lessons of life can simply be available if we look at life in a different manner and that is to intermingle with the people in our community.On top of this, it is good to apprehend that God enlightens our perspectives in life. He ordinarily guides us in whatever decision we come up to and in this case, God makes him realize the importance to dealing with other people and treasure their existence, God brought me to Graceland to rid me of this deception, to scrub it out of the gray matter of my mind ( Miller, 2003). The capabilities that the community has could contribute to the knowledge that we have and in this manner, we can champion each other grow in our own little way.Family is one of the focal points of our lives. This is where we get the strength and inspiration that we need to continue with our life. We can never deny the fact that this aspect of our life has a huge impact in our personality as well as with the attitude that we view to the people that surrounds us. It is absolutely the time of our life that we think of other people more than our selves because we prioritize our family more than anything else, If you dont love somebody, it gets annoying when they tell you what to do or what to feel.When you love them you get diversion from their pleasure and it makes it easy to serve (Miller, 2003). This instance does not necessarily mean that you wouldnt love and serve God because you dont love Him you dont love Him because you did not see Him. Ultimately, this is not the case when we talk about our faith and love for God. Our strong belief in the love of God for us and for humanity was undeniab ly great. We adhere to His principles and we make up His teachings which make us a better person.Gods love for this human race was irrevocably unconditional that he continuously accepts us despite our shortcomings in life. Enormously, God did a wizardly thing in our lives as he consistently touches our souls and guides our ways. As we scrutinize the importance of the authors portrayal of what whoremonger truly is, we might get matter to with the allure of the thought of magic trick alone. It is true that when we were younger, our attention was easily derailed with the magical world but in fact everything is just a trick.In fact, there is a loop hole in every magic that has been showed to us its just that we are too young to distinguish it. As a kid, we just focus on the elements that will adjoin our fascination neglecting the truth that magic is just a form of entertainment. I got frustrated because everything that was magic was only a trick, meaning it wasnt genuinely magic , it was an illusion (Miller, 2003), same with our lives, the figment of our imagination lies on what our naked look can reach but we miss the part that the reality of life is always at hand.God provides us with wonderful environment where we could check out all our efforts to achieve what is really beautiful beyond the temporary magic that we acquire for a moment. Everybody wants to be fancy and new. Nobody wants to be themselves but they want to be different (Miller, 2003), it is extremely all-important(prenominal) to pause for a while and contemplate on what we really needed in our lives. We project a gesture that we are different but what is more important is to have a closer look of what magical feeling God is providing us.Indeed, where we lived at a moment is the result of the brilliant love of God for us. What we are in this universe is the output of Gods excellence to this humanity. There are instances in our lives that at some point we have to be rigid with our faith an d by doing so, one has to be deeply knowledgeable on what really comprises his persona and what he truly believes. Having a strong faith is undeniably one of the greatest discoveries in our lives.The very essence of our trust in God is to know the principles of His words, in lieu of which we are apt to follow His commands that are very important in the foundation of our dogmatic belief in God. It is ultimately important for the people to know God and His wonderful deeds. It is beyond doubt that behind Gods creation lays an astonishing message of building ourselves completely. God is all knowing that He provides all the things that we need in continuing the route of our lives. We obey God, we follow His will and we become a better person is what truly matters in this masterpiece.In view of the great knowledge that has been embarked on us making available the work of art of Donald Miller, it gives us the reasonableness that we seek as we go along with the pages of this book. The man ner in which the author presents his perception was incontestably comprehensible. It gives his reader the time to contemplate and grasp what he really wanted to go halves. Giving examples as well in the consideration of his elaboration of his insights truly adds to the substance of his subject matter. It really doles out the procedure of the author to stretch the faith of his readers.The values that we got from Blue like Jazz truly trammel the voice of God. Beneath the pages of this work of art lies the identification that life is full of magical thought, it is just in our hands to look these things to make it visible. Our capacity to look at things in a different way is beneficial as we continue to battle with the challenges of life, like that of the book, its cryptical titles expounds what it really wanted to convey in its readers and this is what God wanted to happen, we define our selves in a manner that is reachable and at the same time life worth turning the pages.

American Health Care Essay

Mckenzie ClutterClutter 1 2/27/13 Mr. Allen(pd. 7) American wellnessc be A Transformation from Crap to Gold America is with step to the fore a misgiving the leading country of medical and scientific advances. There always depend to be a new medical breakthrough all measure you watch the news or read the paper, especially in the recover of certain diseases. However, the medical research bears an enormous measuring rod of property. The U. S. spends the virtually money on wellness kick yet m both pot, mainly the on the job(p) class Americans are still without any type of wellness insurance policy and thus are more than susceptible to health risks and problems.The concept of health insurance for Americans was formulated over a century ago. Most Americans bear health insurance from employers or government programs, further some Americans are without health insurance. Most of them not cosmos able to pay for it. In 2010, 49. 9 million were without insurance. Thats 16. 3% of the total population. 18. 4% were the percentage of uninsurable Americans younger than 65 in 2010. When it comes to the United States, American health anxiety is described as the Capitalist System. In England they commence what is called as the collectivized system. In America, health care is going to change all because of Obama.Obama move to do what he thinks is best and testament be worth it in the long run called the Affordable Care map or the called Obama Care. capitalism is a free market that balances demand with supply, it works by utilise money to connect consumer wants and needs (demand) with the production and distribution of bests and services (supply). capitalist economy implies equal opportunity and there will also be winners and losers (example broad(prenominal) class, middle class low class). For capitalism to function, the consumer must have keep in line of spending and enough information to be a wise shopper in his or her ownClutter 2 self-interest. In U. S. healthcare, the consumer/patient has virtually no give over who will provide service or what service will be provided. One has to buy insurance which is a certain amount of money a month to receive health care. You also have to get approved to get something done say like a surgery. You have to fill out forms, send them in and wait to get word back within the company or the person doing your surgery. If you get approved which is rare then you can go on with your surgery if not you have to find someone who will and who takes your insurance.In most cases you are denied receivable to doctors wanting money because the more doctors deny surgerys the more they make are many positive things when it comes to the capitalist system, one being the number of jobs increase but this is not as great as it sounds. There are also negatives to this. One being capitalism makes the comfortable richer. Insurance outside of the United States (for example England) is run by the socialistic s ystem, which is paid by the government. One of the goals of socialized medicine systems is ensuring universal doorway to health care. Only thing in return is to pay high taxes. You receive free health care.You cant get denied for any surgery. You dont have to have insurance to receive health care. Also prescriptions you receive from a pharmacy are only a flat rate no more or less unless you are infra a certain age or a fourth-year citizen in that case it is free. In the United States, neither of the main parties favors a socialized system that puts the government in charge of hospitals or doctors, but they do have different approaches to support and access. Democrats tend to be favorably inclined towards reform that involves more government control over health care financing and citizens right of access to health care.Republicans are more often than not in favor of the status quo, or a reform of the financing system that gives more power to the citizen, often through tax credi ts. some(prenominal) sides have also looked to more philosophical arguments, debating Clutter 3 whether people have a fundamental right to have health care provided to them by their government. In this system, doctors receive more money when they help out patients unlike the United States. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care scrap (PPACA), commonly called Obama care, is a United States federal statute signed into rectitude by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010.Together with the Health Care and fostering Reconciliation Act, it represents the most significant government expansion and regulatory expire of the U. S. healthcare system since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. Guaranteed issue will require policies to be issued regardless of any medical condition, and partial community military rating will require insurers to offer the said(prenominal) premium to all applicants of the same age and geographical location without regard to gender or most pre-exis ting conditions.It requires that all individuals not covered by an employer sponsored health plan, Medicaid, Medicare or other public insurance programs, secure an approved private-insurance policy or pay a penalty. According to this system, a child would stay under their parents insurance until they turn twenty-six. The non-participating employers/ citizens, health insurances and hospitals will be taxed. Doctors would receive more money when helping patients more. Also, each year one hundred and 25 million dollars will go towards funding school-based health centers and programs to reduce juvenile pregnancy.Also the number of bankruptcies will be reduced due to this system. This system is intend to take effect in 2014. All these systems all have good and bad ideas when it comes to healthcare. They all point out past, present and future plans and ideas that could be good or bad. In my opinion the best Clutter 4 health care system would be the Affordable Care Act or the Obama Care Act. This uses both the capitalist and socialist system and combines them. It affects every citizen in the United States. I feel like this would be emotional and help the people of America out to the better.

The Buddhist Architecture

The Buddhistic architecture has a lot of business relationship that comes along with the culture, India is cognize for being the center of Buddhism as well as the highlight Buddha teachings. Different parts of Buddha life is instilled in the architecture. According to The Buddhist Architecture (2007), Caves or grottoes are the oldest form of the Buddhist architecture. They are in like manner known as the rock-cut monasteries, which were hewn from the cliffs and rock walls of the valleys. In India, the most earthshaking cave is Junta caves, near modern Arranged, Maharajahs. (Para. Two and Four).The caves had played a large part in the history of Buddhist architecture it was untold than Just a building or even a dim-witted rock. According to The Buddhist Architecture (2007), Pagodas are the principle form of Buddhist architecture, which are used as religious multistory Buddhist towers, erected as a memorial or shrine. The most important factor was Consciousness, which is the eventual(prenominal) reality. (Para. Two and Four). There are various buildings associated with religion, but the one that came break at the most in my search was, Amphibian Temple, this place is known or being a place where Buddha obtained inspiration and enlightenment.There were other temples in China called, Ethane Temple, Lama Temple, and Gangue Temple these temples reserve a lot of education touch Buddhism and what it represents, it is an important place to be visited while in China. The Elder (2008) website Numerous churches, monasteries, convents and shrines show sites connected with the earlier years of Christianity, and the life and ministry of Jesus and his disciples. The externalize of these constructions was affected as much by the religious traditions of the individual Christian community.Christianity was instilled in the buildings such as churches, even from the rooftop the column of a church. Plans. ?Many Early Christians shadowed the basilicas standard for the ir new churches (up. 198, 206) and may also have used old roman halls, baths, dwelling- houses, and even pagan temples as places of worship. Walls. ?These were still constructed according to Roman methods of apply rubble or concrete, faced with plaster, brick, or stone (p. 210 B). Mosaic design was added internally (p. 21 1), and sometimes also externally on wolfram facades though little regard was paid to external architectural final result (p. 09). (Early Christian Architecture Comparative Analysis, 1921). The walls expressed true parts of the religion was alters, roofs and openings in a church. Some names of the buildings surrounding this architecture were, The Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem and The Church at Gal. Loused. Muslim architecture and art pieces were in different areas that Islam either dominated or still remains dominant while still embodying Muslim precepts in its themes. The earliest architectural monument of Islam is the Dome of the Rock Jubbah al- Sahara) in Jerusalem, created in 691-92.Some Muslims believe it to be the area from which Muhammad rose to heaven. It has mosaics depicting scrolling vines and flowers, Jewels, and crowns in greens, blues, and gold. corresponding in some aspects is the later Great Mosque of Damascus (built c. 705-14) the culture of Moslem Spain reached its apogee in Moorish art and architecture. The Mud Carlyle of Spain employed by the 18th cent. And, important until much later in time, is founded on this architecture. (Islamic Art And Architecture 2012).

Evolution of Hard Disk Essay

Hard saucer is a storage device that resides inside a computer to read and pen the entropy. Before the arrival of ambitious magnetic phonograph recording beat paper was utilize as storage device however the paper worked in a opposite way. Programs and data would be recorded using holes punched into paper where a special reader with a beam of light would scan the card or tape. The paper-based computers were used by US Navy to store data during 1940s and 1950s. During 1950s, work began in IBM on experimental weighed down record books.The researchers at IBM were working on various technologies to develop a disk need that could non only store data easily, but also practicable commercially in consumer mass market. IBM developed the early great(p) disks in 1950s, but this disk applied science was unlike todays disk. It turn on cylindrical drum oer which the magnetic patterns were stored. The early big(a) disk had operates of elusive disk in contact with surface of dis k which was done to allow the low sensitivity to read the magnetic palm and pick up the data bits.The early disk drive was broad in size mainly composed of huge vacuum tube. Its random access method occupied the space equal to two refrigerators with a weight of almost one ton. The disk huge magnetic drums were knotty and toughened to work with and its manufacturing technique was also very cumbersome. For example, it was not feasible to get the disk surface as smooth as realizable to allow adaptation the data at high speed. The disk head would also easily worn out after little use and the magnetic head would stop working.It was in late 1950s that IBM engineers anchor a break through allowing them to create the ripe day challenging disk drive. The IBM engineer found the solution to the earlier difficultys when they realized that with a proper design, the head of hard disk could be suspended over the disk surface to read the data beneath it. Working on this discovery in 195 6, IBM first hard disk (IBM 305 RAMAC was introduced. This hard disk was able to store 5 millions characters which was a huge amount in those days while todays hard disk densities are measured in billions of bits square per inch.It was in 1961 that IBM invented separate head for severally data surface in their hard drive. By 1973 IBM shipped hard disk 3model 340 that were the first sealed hard disk drive continues till today. This technology is used by almost all the hard disk manufacturers somewhat the world. Further development took arrange in 1980s when Seagate introduced the first hard disk for PC or microcomputers named as ST506. Even though it was oftentimes more smaller in size than the disks produced in that time compared to redbrick hard disks, it was twice the size.During the 1980s Philips also manufactured the optical optical maser drive. By 1981 Sony also started to ship floppy drive. In 1983 Rodime do the first 3. 5-inch floppy drive and by 1985 first CD-ROM enc yclopedia came into being. The modern 3 1/ 2 IDE drive arrived in the market in 1985. The technology used in IDE drive was not much different from the earlier disk drive technology but ultimately it was added into the magnification board.The hard card included the drive that finally evolved into IDE hard disk drive, where the controller was finally merged into the printed circuit. During 1980s the arrival of DOS do easy the selling of hard disk as DOS make computing easy for normal users. However there was problem in DOS version 3. 31 and above. The youthful DOS 4. 0 did not support hard disk larger than 32 MB. The reason for this problem was the number of sectors that could not exceed 16-bit. This need pushed the programmers to come up with new software.The solution was provided by Ontrack Disk Manager that allowed partition in hard disks. In 1986, the first 3-? hard disks that had voice coil actuator were introduced. By 1997 Seagate made big leap by introducing first 7200-RPM A TA hard disk drive for PC followed by 15000-RPM hard disk drive that allowed data reading and writing data much faster. The amazing thing about hard disk is that they havent changed that much compared to other PC related components in the past 40 years.The figure below shows the changes taken place throughout the decades in hard disk technology. Even todays hard disk basic design has remained the same, except the size, capacity and storage. thus it can be said that 1980s and 1990s allowed the spread of hard disks due to the arrival of PC which were available to the modern consumers. As the hard disk technology developed so does it capacity and size. The earliest computers normally had 20 MB drive. By 2007 desktop computers hard disks drives have reached carbon to 500 GB.

The World in a Train by Francisco B. Icasiano

One Sunday I entrained for Baliwag, a town in Bulacan which can well afford to hold two fiestas a year without a qualm.I took the train partly because I am disfavour in favor of the government-owned railroad, partly because I am allowed comparative otto gay in a coach, and finally because trains sometimes leave and arrive harmonise to schedule.In the coach I found a little world, a share of the abstraction called humanity whom we are supposed to beloved and live for. I had previously arranged to divide the idle hour or so mingled with cultivating my neglected Christianity and smoothing out the rough edges of my nature with the aid of pleasurable sights without the rolling wheels, the flying huts and trees and light-green palay seedlings and carabaos along the way.Inertia, I suppose, and the sort of truth we moderns know make falling in love with my immediate neighbors much a matter of severe strain and effort to me.Let me give a sketchy picture of the little world whose co mpany Mang Kiko shared in moments which soon passed away affecting most of us.First, in that respect came to my nonice iii husky individuals who dusted their put furiously with their handkerchiefs without regard to hygiene or the frat of men. It gave me no little annoyance that on such a muteness morning the unpleasant positions in other peoples ways should claim my attention.Then there was a harmless-looking middle-aged man in green camisa de chino with rolled sleeves who moldiness have entered asleep. When I noticed him he was already snugly fix in a corner seat, with his slippered feet comfortably planted on the opposite seat, all the while his head danced anddangled with the motion of the train. I could not, for the love of me, imagine how he would look if he were awake.A tike of six in the next seat must have shared with me in speculating active the dreams of this sleeping man in green. Was he dreaming of the Second founding War or the price of eggs? Had he any worri es intimately the permanent dominion status or the final outcome of the struggles of the masses, or was it merely the arrangement of the scales on a fighting roasters legs that brought that frown on his face?But the party that most engaged my attention was a family of eight composed of a short simply efficacious founding father, foursome very young children, mother, grandmother, and another cleaning lady who must have been the efficient fathers sister. They distri only whened themselves on four benches you know the kind of seats facing all(prenominal) other so that half the passengers travel backward. The more I looked at the short but young and efficient father the shorter his parts looked to me. His movements were immobile and short, too. He removed his coat, folded it carefully and slung it on the back of his seat. Then he pulled out his wallet from the hip pocket and counted his money while his wife and the rest of his group watched the ritual without a word.Then the s hort, young, and efficient father stood up and pulled out two banana leaf bundles from a bamboo basket and disruption out both bundles on one bench and log lunch was ready at ten oclock. With the efficient father leading the charge, the children (except the shaver in his grandmothers arms) began to dig away with little encouragement and aid from the elders. In a short while the skirmish was over, the enemy shrimps, omelet, rice and love apple sauce were routed out, save for a few shrimps and some rice leave for the grandmother to handle in her own style later.Then came the water-fetching ritual. The father, with a sparkler in hand, led the march to the train faucet, followed by three children whose faces hushed showed the marks of a hard-fought-battle. In passing between me and a person, hence engaged in a casual conversation with me, the short but efficient father made a courteous gesture which is placid good to see inthese democratic days he curing from the hips and, dro pping both hands, made an opening in the air between my collocutor and me a gesture which in unspoiled places means Excuse Me.In one of the stations where the train stopped, a bended old woman in black boarded the train. As it moved away, the old woman went around the coach, begging holding every prospective Samaritan by the arm, and stretching off her gnarled hand in the familiar fashion so revolting to me at that time. There is something in begging which destroys some fiber in most men. Every time you drop a penny into a beggars palm you help degrade a man and make it more difficult for him to rise with dignity. . .There was something in his beggars eye which seemed to demand. Now do your duty. And I did. Willy-nilly I dropped a coin and thereby alter my life with repulsion. Is this Christianity? Blessed are the poor . . . But with what speed did that bent old woman cross the platform into the next coach plot of ground thus engaged in unwholesome thought, I felt myself jerked as the train made a curve to the right. The yearling of the family of eight befogged his balance and caught the short but efficient father off-guard. In an vociferous all his efficiency was employed in collecting the shrieking toddler from under his seat. The child had, in no time, developed two stretch bumps on the head, upon which was applied a moist piece of cloth. There were no reproaches, no words spoken. The discipline in the family was remarkable, or was it because they considered the head as a minor anatomical appendage and was therefore nor worth the eat away?Occasionally, when the childs crying rose above the din of the locomotive and the clinkety-clank of the wheels on the rails, the father would jog about a bit without blushing, look at the bumps on his childs head, shake his own, and move his lips saying, Tsk, Tsk. And nothing more.Fairly tired of assuming the minor responsibilities of my neighbors in this little world in motion, I looked into the distant horizon where the game Cordilleras merged into the blue of the sky. There I rested my thoughtsupon the billowing bills and grey of the clouds, lightly remarking upon their being a trial to us, although they may not know it. We each would mind our own business and suffer in silence for the littlest mistakes of others laughing at their ways if we happened to be in a position to suspend our emotion and view the whole scene as a god would or, we could weep for other men if we are the fashion to shed copious tears over the whole tragic aspect of a world thrown out of joint.It is strange how human kindness operates. We assume an attitude of complete indifference to utter strangers whom we have seen but not met. We claim that they are the hardest to fall in love with in the normal exercise of Christian charity. Then a little child falls from a seat, or a beggar stretches forth a gnarled hand, or three husky men dust their seats and we are, despite our pretensions, affected. Why not? If even a sleeping man who does nothing touches our life

Mr Guan

Report Report Due pm Friday 23rd August, Week 4. elapse in cut through electronically vie e-learning. Time to complete This judgement task should take the average student 10-15 hours to complete, Including research time. Late penalisation As for all other assessment tasks for this course, late penalties are 20% of the maximum possible retick per day or part thereof.Time of deference Is logged via e-learning, note that the e-learning time may not be the same as your watch/phone/computer timely Weekends and public holidays are not included . Plagiarism You must include a plagiarism accordance statement. Reports may be checked for plagiarism with an online system, please correctly usage quotes from sources and reference them correctly as per the author/ date or numbered system. adduce to the library weapon for guidance on referencing and plagiarism.Any report found to oblige been plagiarisms will be processed as per the University plagiarism policy. Task interpretation Writt en case study report (20% of course total assessment). invest a written technical (In report format as per visit one guidelines) case study focusing on a major(ip) exertionplace safety incident that occurred ( anywhere In the world). The emphasis and purpose of the report Is to research, describe and discuss the Incident primarily In relation to the pencil eraser Systems related to the caseful. Describe the Incident/event and possible causes of the event (including causes related to the management/operation of safety systems) Relate the incident/event to any failures in safety systems (including managerial) that were present Discuss what preventative measures could/should have been interpreted What changes would you suggest be made to limit the possibility of repeat event occurring? How would you review the effectiveness of your proposed changes?Word Limit This Report should be near 2000-3000 words in length (not including the title page, summary, table of contents, reference s or appendices). piece concise yet Informative reports Is an Important part of being a Professional Engineer. The ability to consummately convey Information In a concise, relevant and effective manner is a key skill that you should endeavourer to develop. Reports containing more(prenominal) than 3250 or fewer than 1750 words will result in mark penalties of 0% of the possible mark for every 250 words under/ everyplace the limit.Grade Descriptors A+ A ABA+ B BIO 95 90 85 80 75 High Distinction 85% 100% As for the criteria for Distinction, yet the work also shows a high degree of professionalism. The report structure is excellent and provides a convincing parole/argument of the topic. There is computable evidence of in depth, critical discussion of the topic. Report has excellent grammar, recite and Is of a concise nature. The work shows a good appreciation of the command alma/purpose of the topic. There Is good coverage of the topic with relevant and accurate support ND a well developed learned discussion/argument.Grammar and spelling are very good and report is reasonably concise. The work is relevant and addresses several reasonable amount of the content and a profound discussion/argument has been advanced. There is limited evidence of an overall integrative view of the topic. Grammar, spelling and conciseness are lacking. The information in the conglomerate aspects of the work is relevant and accurate but is not integrated and unless covers some core aspects of the topic. There is an attempt at a scholarly discussion/ argument and the work indicates a limited understanding of the topic.

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich Analysis Essay

Joseph Stalin strategically came into cater in communist Russia in the 1930s. Within just a few years, he turned Russia from a communist state into a totalitarian dictatorship. Few people chose to pronounce out against Stalin, besides those who did were put into Siberian work camps or gulags. horse parsley Solzhenitsyn was one of the few t get into chose to speak out against Stalin and his totalitarian regime. He utilize his years in the work camps to illustrate a vivid personation of what camp life was care in his book, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. The reinvigorated is a criticism against Stalins collectivism, and is a translation on why a communistic system will never work. Three of the biggest ways the novel critiques collectivism are by attempting to put d have got Russian society, displaying forms of unjust punishment, and arguing the importance of conviction.Solzhenitsyn propagates the radical idea that communism doesnt work. Communism is the idea that e veryone in society receives relate shares of the benefits resulting from dig out. It teaches the short(p) to rise up and attain financial and social status equal to that of the middle-class. In order for everyone to be on the uniform level, wealth is redistri simplye so the members of the upper class are brought d declare to the same financial and social level as the middle class (Coffin 660-665). In theory, communism is presented as to be a utopia where everyone has adequate food and shelter but in the novel One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, it is solve communism in utilisation is very different from communism in ideology. The communism Solzhenitsyn presents in this novel actually tries to run away any(prenominal) form of gracious dignity. The story takes place in a Russian prison camp after World War II. The protagonist is a man telephoned Ivan Denisovich Shukhov, but referred to as Shukhov for most of the novel.The author refers to Ivan as Shukhov to emphasise t he how the camp sets him at a cold, authoritative distance. Ivan is Shukhovs first yell and Denisovich is his patronym, a name that is derived from ones fathers name. In Russian society, addressing someone by his or her first name and patronymic is cordial but respectful. The early Soviet Communist regime tested to stub out this form of address because the respect it entails suggested class differences among people, something communism seeks to destroy. On the different hand, addressing someone by his or her break down name has an official meaning. The Soviet manner of addressing people as Comrade followed by their last name was an attempt to replace the old way of addressing someone with a new one better adapted to a class-free nation.Even in the camp they were polite to people and addressed them by their full name (Solzhenitsyn 26). The prison camp workers always addressed each other with the same degree of respect in order to preserve each others dignity. The wear camp in which Ivan is imprisoned is designed to conquer and dehumanize its captives. The living conditions are simply unbearable. The mattresses do not declare sheets, prisoners share tiny portions of bread and porridge per meal, and the guards force the prisoners to undress in pigboat zero temperatures for body searches.The camp replaces the prisoners names with garner and number to erase all hints of individuality, S 854three age penalization work, says the new warden to, Ivan as punishment for not getting up on time (Solzhenitsyn 7-8). The camp gives everyone numbers and makes them all dress identically take away their identities, from the outside, everyone in the squad sideed the same- their black coats were identical-but within the squad at that place were great distinctions (Solzhenitsyn 15).However, Denisovich does not accept the camps attempts to dehumanize him. He shows maintaining human dignity does not have to be achieved through violent rebellion but kinda, through de veloping a system of personal rules. For example, at meal time, no matter the conditions, he always removes his cap before eating, hence he removed his hat from his clean-shaven head- however cold it capacity be, he could never bring himself to eat with his hat on (Solzhenitsyn 16). From his childhood, this practice gives Ivan a sense that he is behaving in a civilized manner.No matter how famished he becomes, he never stoops to Fetyukovs level, mendicancy for scraps. He scorns Fetyukovs behavior, which he believes is cruel. Ivan may be treated like an animal by the Soviet camp system, but he subtly fights back and refuses to submit. In one instance, Shukhov is tempted to ask a fellow prisoner for a cigarette which the other man has already half smoke-dried but, but he would never lower himself he would never look at a mans mouth (Solzhenitsyn 27).Ivan never allows the labor camp to get the best of him but gets punished for things one in his control on top of being imprisoned. Another criticism of communism passim the novel is the description of unjust punishment upon the prisoners. In the starting signal of the novel, Shukhov does not get up on time because he is grisly and is then threatened with three days in the hole. Similarly, Buynovsky receives ten days in the hole for trying to bundle up against the cold with a flannel vest. Neither Shukhovs illness nor Buynovskys attempt to go along warm harm anyone, but the camp treats both as unforgiving violations of the law, worthy of severe punishment. Such harsh punishment for such piffling offenses is absurd. These men are already locked into arduous prison sentences, heaping on foul and illogical punishment upon them is just a brutal exercise of power by the guards. Through this unjust treatment one thing that attend the prisoners survive was having faith in something whether it is a strict moral encipher or faith in god.One of the main goals of communism was to eradicate religion from society. A ccording to the founders of communism religion hinders societal progress it was Marx who utter religion is the opium of people. Solzhenitsyn implies it is much easier to get through hardships with faith in something rather than without. During a march, Shukhov thinks of Alyosha, the devout Baptist, he wonders, What had he to be happy some? His cheeks were sunken, he lived strictly on his rations, and he earned nothing. He worn out(p) all his Sundays with the other Baptists. They shed the hardships of camp like water (Solzhenitsyn 38). Shukhov is fashioning the point when you believe in something, like religion, it is much easier to keep a positive attitude and survive a terrible situation.Although Ivan does not identify religion for most of the novel, his final conversation with Alyoshka, reveals faith can be a means of survival in the oppressive camp system. Ivan adheres to a strict set of rules, like always taking off his hat before eating or trying to waste as poor as possi ble. Alyoshka, has faith in god and the human spirit for my let out I am not ready merely to be skip but even to die for the name of the Lord Jesus (Solzhenitsyn 163), this translation really affects Shukhov to a point where he begins to reflect on his own philosophy. Shukhovs s sense of inner peace in the novels last paragraph, which resembles Alyoshkas sense of inner peace throughout the novel, demonstrates that religious faith offers strength in the face of difficulty.Having any character of faith can carry someone through hardship, religious faith is simply one type of such a faith. Though the labor camps were filled with suffering and misery, the men continued to exhibit acts of humanity in their day to day lives. The only way these men could have survived this inhuman treatment was by subtly fighting the system in their own personal way. Solzhenitsyn uses three simple yet powerful ideas the dehumanization of the human society, displays of unjust punishment, and the importa nce of having faith in no matter how afflictive the situation is, to speak out against Stalin and the terrible consequences of Russian communism.Works CitedCoffin, Judith G., and Robert C. Stacey. Hesperian Civilizations Their History & Culture. impertinently York, NY W. W. Norton, 2008. Print.Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr Isaevich. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. New York Dutton, 1963. Print.

Attachment Theory Essay

search and Fishing has been a part of the past and present of the States. It plays a vital role in the register. Even in the society today, track down and seek contributes a lot in the society. Centuries ago, track down and seek be means of excerption for the ancient nation. But as years whirl development began, and the traditional ways of surviving has in like manner developed. The number of run and weight had also decreased. pot using capture and fishing for selection become lesser beca procedure of agricultural and industrial development. The purpose of track down and fishing was also changed, as a survival means to athletic contests. pursuit and fishing was said to be a significant activity in the history and to the society of today. But how does hunt down and fishing began? And how it evolved from survival means to a pop athletic competition? Hunting was a way of killing marvelous animals to obtain something, during the ancient fourth dimensions a person h unts to obtain food, apparel and shelter. It was a necessity during those times hunt down was the prime source of the sancti geniusd needs of the people. A person hunts to be able to provide the family food, hide and leather for clothing, and hide for shelter.Those times having a good source of the separates needs makes a strong foundation, it helps a tribe or a group survive. Through the centuries development had occurred and also changed the ways of people, one of these ways is catch. Hunting gradually lost its purpose as the primary source of food due to agricultural development and manufacturing. But beca handling of the contend and excitement it offers, people enjoyed hunting and considered it as a past time which later become a sport. Egyptians, Greeks and Romans considered hunting as a sport.For the Greeks, hunting develops a healthy body and well-being. It is not scarce now that hunting has regulating law, during the 13th century Kublai Khan, a Mongol emperor keep back his subjects from hunting. As well as the Feudal Lords during the 5th-15th century, they restricted the noble people from hunting (it was a popular past time for the nobles). But during the fourteenth century, the traditional method of hunting was changed when the gunpowder was invented. Instead of using trap, snare, subject and arrow, hunters began to occasion rifles and shotguns.Rifles and shotguns was easier to use, and has longer range. Though modern methods of hunting was introduced, some hunters console prefer the original weapons used in hunting for the reason that it was more challenging than the modern method. Hunting then became a very popular sport, too popular that it became widely known. But as its popularity arises, the hunted animals became fewer. In 19th century, some of the hunted animals became endangered species. The regime to cope with the change magnitude number of wildlife regulated the game of hunting.In some state hunting was not allowed anymore, b ut in some state limitations are set. People are allowed to hunt but during the hunting season only, and there is only a limited amount of animal that can be killed per hunter. callable to the restrictions obligate the number of game animals and endangered species were change magnitude. But this also became a problem the wild animals became over populated and have to allow hunting again to regulate the amount of the animals. Since then hunting became legal and became a very popular sport.Hunting was considered a recreational activity and increased the tourism of the country. Fishing on the other is the same as hunting it was known as a source of food. Ancient people use pieces of bones as hooks and the vines as line. The Egyptians, Greeks and Romans are the civilization that already uses fishing during those times. An Egyptian writer flat wrote some tips on how to fish. In the 2nd and 3rd century a Macedonian wrote about the use of drippy flies to lure fish. In the 15th century sport fishing was introduced. It was not only become popular in America but also in Europe.When it was introduced as a sport fishing, there was already a indite book about how to use a fishing rod, how to tie knots in fishing lines and using artificial lures and flies. Many people become very bear oned in fishing, and these written books made fishing more popular. The sport fishing was not a popular sport only for men but also for women. The conjunction of women in the sport fishing increased the peoples interest in it. Some organizations are steady built to protect the fish habitats. Just like hunting, fishing also undergone the same evolution the hunting had gone to.Through Fishing the tourism and business of the country was increased. dickens hunting and fishing was already a necessity in ancient times, people gained many benefits through these methods. It even becomes a tool for survival. Until now, even though hunting and fishing were already considered as a sport or rec reational activity the society still gains many benefits from it. Hunting and fishing helps the government in protecting and conserving the wildlife habitat of the country. Because of the popularity of these two sports, the government managed to gain funds to maintain the wildlife reserve.Through the system imposed, taxes are imposed on the manufacturer of weapons used on these methods and on the fuels. There also hunting and fishing fees, these system helps in regulating the wildlife habitat of the country. It even attracted hunters and fishers to create a private group to protect the fishing and wildlife habitat. Because of the apology and conservation, the country managed to maintain an abundant wildlife habitat and increased the tourism of the country. Whether in past or present, hunting and fishing had really played a vital role in the society.In continues to help the country, first for survival and then became for tourism. Hunting and fishing became a part of the culture of t he America. These two sports not only provide pleasure and enjoyment, but also resistance to the wildlife habitat. Maintaining these two sports was really a great help, not only for the stake of an individual but for the whole society.Sources The Legally Structured Role of Hunting and Fishing in the US and Abroad. Available at www. huntingreport. com. Hunting. Available at www. encarta. msn. com. History of Fishing. Available at www. activeangler. com.

Individual Assignment Essay

Determine which level of step nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratiois used in the follo produceg examples. The Association of Accountants is conducting a slew to determine the ranking of the top 100 accounting firms in the world. Ordinal How many years did it take you to earn your college degree? dimension On a questionnaire which asks for gender, males are coded as 1 and females are coded as 2. legal separation Respondents are asked to stray a list of high-tech companies as ex cellular phoneent, good, fair, or poor in terms of their service delivery.Ordinal food grain brands are arranged in an ordered sequence in which an reach interval exists between each point. Interval LeBron James wears the number 23 on his jersey. nominal The length of time it takes the winner of a endurance contest to cross the finish descent. Ratio Students are asked to rank computer manufacturers. Interval The brand of charge card used by a customer. Nominal The pin number used to access your checkin g account. Nominal Which sampling methodsimple random, systematic, stratified, cluster, convenience, judgment, quota, or snowballis most appropriate for the following examples? The unemployment rate is calculated each month by the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The eyeshot consists of 50,000 households in somewhat 2,000 counties and cities in all 50 states. Simple ergodic A researcher for Kraft Foods selects five states randomly, and then selects 10 supermarkets imprisonment within each state to call for a phone survey as test markets for a new cookie. Quota A new ware researcher would similar to investigate the use of virtual teams. After conducting an call into question with a manager, she asks for the names of other managers that use virtual teams. comfort station A news reporter asks people on the street their opinion about the presidents new bill. Snowball Jamie select Denver, Colorado Chicago, Illinois and San Diego, calcium as test markets for a new potato chip lin e base on her experience with these markets. Judgment A researcher instructs empyrean interviewers to interview customers of different cell phone companies in a nigh shopping mall so that they each interview 10 AT&T, 8 T Mobile, 6 Verizon, and 4 owners of other cell phone providers.Convenience The Consumer Price Index represents a sampling of 90,000 items from 364 categories, elect from 20,000 retail stores in 85 geographically distributed areas that are chosen to be as similar as possible. Cluster A finance professor wants to know how many MBA students would be willing to take a short letter in international finance this summer. She surveys students in the class she is currently teaching. Convenience Which hypothesis-testing procedure would you use in the following situations?The mean time an American family lives in a particular single-family dwelling is 11. 8 years. A have of 100 families in the Syca more(prenominal), OK area shows the mean time surviving in a single fam ily residence is 12. 7 years. Can we quit that the time people live in Sycamore is significantly more than the national average? One take in Z-Test A researcher would like to know if at that place is a significant difference in habiliment purchases between full-time working women, part-time working women, and women who are homemakers.analysis of variance Eighty percent of those who play the state lottery never win more than $100 in one play. A sample of viosterol players was drawn and the mean winning was $125. One Sample Z-Test A drug manufacturing social club conducted a survey of customers. The research question was as follows Is there a significant relationship between packaging preference (size of the bottle purchased) and economic status? There were four packaging sizes small, medium, large, and jumbo. Economic status was categorized as follows lower, middle, and upper.Regression Hypothesis Test A company has 24 salespeople. The test must evaluate whether their produc t knowledge has meliorate or remained unchanged after a training program. T-test of dependent samples A computer company has a brand loyalty judge of 6. 8 on a 7 point scale. Is this companys rating significantly different from the industry average of 6. 4? Two-tailed One Sample T-Test The manager of an office supply store wanted to determine which intensity folders she should discontinue based on low sales. The colors stocked were black, blue, red, green, and purple. analysis of variance

Oil Drilling

Have you ever seen an animal covered in sludge, confounded and weak? onshore oil colour usageing is one of our worlds biggest concerns. Offshore oil drilling is the discovery of finding oil or gasoline resources under peeing. Usually the oil is found attain the coasts of each real and substructure also be found in lakes and small oceans. drill for oil provides the energy to depict fuels for cars and other machinery. M either different curriculums stick out be employ for seaward oil drilling such as drill mails, jack up barges, steel jackets, and semi- submersibles for deeper water supply atomic descend 18as.The issue at hand is that oil drilling washbowl lead to oil spills into oceans, seas, and lakes and throw out harm the environment. Barge collisions, explosions, leaks, spills, and pipeline corrosion ar all learn factors in the harmful effects of oil drilling. drilling leads to pollution in the environment and kills many organisms and aquatic animals. Animal s play a key federal agency in society, especially the marine animals. Long term effects wee damage to the food chain, fisheries, health, the ecosystem balance, and enjoyment of nature.Oil spills harm the lives of marine carriage and the federal government allows them to be killed during gas and oil drilling. When explosives be apply to remove the oil manipulates, pipelines mickle be demolished the oil get out spill everywhere. Aquatic life is endangered some these oil articulated lorrys and causes many hatchlings not to be brought into the world. Sea turtles are attracted to bright lights and if the oil rig has created an explosion, they testament head toward that direction, endangering their own lives for vicious predators along the way.Not precisely is marine life affected, but birds. galore(postnominal) types of birds are endangered as swell like ducks, seagulls, and pelicans. If the ocean is polluted with toxic oil and they mold to swim in it, all the oil ordain get stuck on their feathers not allowing them to fly. Oil drilling is dangerous and can lead to the extinguishing of many animals. The United States needs oil, but offshore drilling is not the way to get it. There are plenty of other alternatives we can use to create gasoline such an ethanol.Ethanol uses agricultural products to make an alternative gas product and it has proven to proven to be price effective. The U. S. should also use hybrid cars and electric vehicles instead of relying on oil. Forms of exile should also be aware of the oil efficiency and should begin development smart growth to make less pollution and reduce gridlock. carry pollution will be cut and the amount of oil apply will be reduced for a better environment. Offshore oil drilling does provide large amounts of oil, but there should be a limit on how much should be consumed at one condition time.Another key factor of oil drilling is the cost. President Barack Obama has jazz up with energy proposals to help the environment and cut the costs our province has put on oil. In order to save energy and taxpayer dollars, my nerve is doubling the number of hybrid vehicles in the federal fleet, even as we seek to reduce the number of cars and trucks utilize by our government overall, Obama said. His plans are too drill along the Southern Atlantic coastlines and move forward from Alaska, for it is too dangerous and risky for the environment.Expanding drilling is definitely not the source our country needs and therefore something needs to be done. Since the land that is expiration to be drilled cannot provide a base for offshore drilling as it does for onshore drilling, an imitation platform must be created. This artificial platform can take many forms, depending on the characteristics of the well to be drilled, including how far underwater the drilling target is. One of the most authoritative pieces of equipment for offshore drilling is the subsea drilling template.Essentially, this piece of equipment connects the underwater well situate to the drilling platform on the surface of the water. This device, resembling a cookie cutter, consists of an equal to(p) steel box with multiple holes in it, dependent on the number of wells to be drilled. This drilling template is placed over the well site, and usually lowered into the exact position required using publicize and GPS technology. A relatively shallow hole is then dug, in which the drilling template is cemented into place.The drilling template, secured to the sea floor and attached to the drilling platform above with cables, allows for accurate drilling to take place, but allows for the movement of the platform, which will inevitably be affected by shifting wind and water currents. There are two basic types of offshore drilling rigs those that can be moved from place to place, allowing for drilling in multiple placements, and those rigs that are permanently placed. Moveable rigs are often used for explorato ry purposes because they are much cheaper to use than permanent platforms.Once large deposits of hydrocarbons have been found, a permanent platform is built to allow their extraction. The sections below describe a number of different types of moveable offshore platforms. Drilling barges are used mostly for inland, shallow water drilling. This typically takes place in lakes, swamps, rivers, and canals. Drilling barges are large, floating platforms, which must be towed by tugboat from location to location. Suitable for still, shallow waters, drilling barges are not able to nurse the water movement experienced in large open water situations.Semisubmersible rigs are the most common type of offshore drilling rigs, combination the advantages of submersible rigs with the ability to drill in deep water. A semisubmersible rig works on the same principle as a submersible rig by dint of the inflating and deflating of its lower hull. The main difference with a semisubmersible rig, however, i s that when the air is let out of the lower hull, the rig does not submerge to the sea floor. Instead, the rig is partially submerged, but still floats above the drill site.When drilling, the lower hull, filled with water, provides stability to the rig. Semisubmersible rigs are held in place by enormous anchors, each weighing upwards of 10 tons. These anchors, combined with the submerged tract of the rig, ensure that the platform is stable and safe enough to be used in turbulent offshore waters. Semisubmersible rigs can be used to drill in much deeper water than the rigs mentioned above. Drillships are exactly as they in force(p) ships knowing to carry out drilling operations. These boats are specially designed to carry drilling platforms out to deep-sea locations.A typical drillship will have, in addition to all of the equipment normally found on a large ocean ship, a drilling platform and derrick located on the middle of its deck. In addition, drillships contain a hole (or moo npool), extending right by dint of the ship down through the hull, which allows for the drill string to extend through the boat down into the water. Drillships are often used to drill in very deep water, which can often be turbulent. Drillships use what is know as dynamic status systems.Drillships are equipped with electric motors on the bottom of the ships hull, capable of propelling the ship in any direction. These motors are integrated into the ships computer system, which uses satellite positioning technology, in conjunction with sensors located on the drilling template, to ensure that the ship is directly above the drill site at all times. Offshore oil drilling creates disasters not only in the ocean or seas, but generates explosions of the oil rig itself. Bits and pieces of the rig can rust at the bottom of the ocean and endanger precious reefs and homes of animals.I believe offshore oil drilling is a mistake and should be limited around the world. There are plenty of renew able energy sources to survive off of. Fuels can be costly but the environment would be a safer place to live in. Having a limited supply of oil can save millions of aquatic lives and provide worries from environmentalists will be satisfied. Drilling should be banned all together to save human lives as well. Many have been lost because of accidental explosives. Hopefully oil drilling will end soon and promote the general welfare of living in a clean, oil-free environment.Works Citedhttp//www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2525743/postshttp//english.aljazeera.net/business/2010/03/201033118235692566.html

Discrimination in US Judicial system

the States judicial formation has been acc employ of discrimination especially when it comes to mandatory sentences. There has been a salutary disparity as far as sentences ar concerned with virtually sorts film the appearance _or_ semblanceingly being favored by the police while others build been tempered harshly. This state of affair is sad for this country as it seems to apportion the country in mobes especially on racial basis. The minority groups, the African the Statesn, Latinos and women thrust been seriously contacted fashioning human rights groups to agitate for the substitute of equitys to apply equally among all the groups.These inequalities in the application of the constabularys seem to be retrogressive as far as our endeavor to prep be America an all equal country is concerned. The judicial dust seems to be applying the fair play unfairly making whatever feel less American than others. This does non auger well for the national cohesion as the dis advantaged group whitethorn feel that this is an attempt to sideline them on various lines and they whitethorn opt to solve the problem in whatever means functional to them including violence in that locationfore affecting the America stability.These disparities non unaccompanied affect the guilty but besides the innocent who ar harshly sentenced for the crimes they did non commit. (Kinzie, M 2002) This may be detrimental for the fight against crime. If we continue gravid so harshly and furthermore seem to discriminate, the crime rates testament only rise as sight especially those who are straight off or indirectly affected by this discrimination in rightness tape their dissatisfaction on the unfair interposition opting to use violence. To fully dish out the disparities in sentencing in our judicial system, causes of this unfair treatment by our system need to be turn to carefully.Police Department which is charged with the role of apprehending the law offenders has been identified as on of the areas where the discrimination is so rampant. Many Americans have reported being searched or flush checked for the crimes the have not move only because they had a resistent color or spoke with a different accent from that of the arresting officer. I t is the police who arrest and align the suspected law breakers to the court. I f they are biased in term of race or other aspects the suspects may not feel that they bequeath receive a fair treatment.The treatment may further be extended to the sentencing itself, therefore making the victims stand confidence on our judicial system. (Jeremy, K. 2004) Human rights groups have reported that there have been more arrests as far as minority groups are concerned. This has created a perception that the minorities commit crime than their white counterparts, this perception has even been extended to our judicial system with our judges being biased when a case involving a person from a minority, instead of as king critically at the facts laid down the issue of race clouds the system making him or her rule a harsh treatment.We may not altogether blame the police and the judges al cardinal for the unfair treatment of the progeny but our law system have failed to dish out the issues at hand. The laws seem to be biased from the word go and this perhaps is where the problem lies. settle base their sentences on the law the law prescribes a certain penalization on a particular crime committed. There are some of the laws that seem to be lenient on some offenders. Althugh this may not be directly proved there exists some disparities as far as sentences prescribed are concerned.Looking at the penalty through a social perspective one may not fail to disclose that there is some form of discrimination of certain groups. A right(a) case at hand is the issue of drugs, cocaine is one of the drugs that is ill-treat by Americans of all walks of lives be they poor, rich, black, white and Latinos. Surprisingly the sentences prescribed differ when it comes to the type of cocaine in question. There are two types of coaine the fine-grained form and the crack which is cooked in baking soda. Crack is mainly used by the black and the Latinos populations while the powdered cocaine is mainly consumed by the rich whites.When the congress was passing this law on drug vilification there was a wrong indication that crack was more habit-forming than the powdered form and it resulted to more violent among its users therefore heavy punishment for its users as opposed to powder users who got lesser sentences. This law based on this argument, though good to deter the drug users have not addressed the issue at hand as it has been accused of discriminating on the lines of race and social classes. (Wolf, D 2006) American bon ton can also be largely blame for the state of affairs that prevail in our judicial system.The laws are made by our representatives whom we elect, therefore the law makers represents our views and if we do not agree with them there are channels of addressing the issue. Our society is wrought in much(prenominal)(prenominal) a track that segregation in terms of race class and other aspects is embraced therefore our judicial system merely reflect who we are as a society. This does not mean that the location quo must prevail,we should embrace a situation where all are treated equally regardless of the race, creed or even the social class one occupies.This calls for the sensitizing of the masses on the need to look at each other as either brother or sister. This pull up stakes go a foresightful way in creating equality in the society which will eventually been reflected in our laws hence implementation by our judgeship system. ( Hurst, C. 2001) Judicial surgical incision has a neat role as long as equality in law is concerned, this plane section is mandated to interpret the law made by our legislators and if they seem to contravene the supreme co nstitution of our commonwealth the department has a duty of quashing these laws and advise the lawmakers on the shortcomings of these legislations.The laws which are discriminative in nature not only cause a smashing division in this nation but also cause great suffering to the victims as they are subjected to harsh treatment sometimes for the crimes they may have not committed but due to their inability to utilize competent lawyers they fail to defend themselves therefore being punished. The judicial department should ensure that the judges who handle cases where discrimination may be cited are competent individual and have no history of racial prejudice.The department inevitably to empower the judges with skills that will ensure they handle such type of cases with seriousness they deserve as it is only through this way that our judicial system will be seen to serve all equally regardless of their race, creed or even the social status they aim in the society. Selection of ju ries is another area that needs to handled with a roach of caution some of them may be compromised to vote on a certain way which promotes the already existing disparity .The judiciary should make sure that men and women who are selected in the jury are people of high integrity, those who are not biased and show high adore for the all people regardless of diversity. Judges need to set antecedent on application of the law equally, precedence that should be authoritative such that the whole system will adopt to ensure all who are brought before them are treated with fairness as required by the natural justice and our constitution as well.The judicial department needs to ensure that systems are in place for those who feel they have been discriminated to register their complaints and the necessary remedies taken. The appellate court should be fully empowered to address this issue comprehensively and in a manner that all will be satisfied and justice will have prevailed in such system s. (Murray, F 2003) With the responsibility of interpreting the laws being vested on this department by our constitution.The judicial system should uphold this responsibility and advise the congress to look at all those laws which seem to apply selectively. These laws need to be changed without deviating from their sign course of making them, which was to fight crime. They should be applied equally to all. We should not have some groups being treated leniently yet the order of the crime is the same. The judiciary system can save this nation from the distress of going through another era of discrimination in our society.If it upholds the responsibility bestowed by the citizens of America through the constitution it can cement the gains we have so far made as far as eliminating segregations in our community is concerned. Criminals need to be treated equally and fairly, no one should receive punishment which is not equivalent to the crime committed uncomplete should be there lesser punishment for a crime committed. It is only fair application of justice that this department will be viewed in the lenses of equalizing all the America as far as law is concerned. The department cannot accept failing as this will be doom for America as a nation.ReferencesKinzie, M (2002) Product liability and litigation. Clifton Park, Newyork.Jeremy, K. (2004) Discrimination in our laws. American perspective. Straus and Graux.NewyorkWolf, D (2006) Law and the racial politics. Harper Collins, Newyork.Hurst, C. (2001) Crime and the law social perspective.W.W.Norta, Newyork.Murray, F (2003) American judicial system. Sierra club books, Sanfrancisco

Is Atticus a good father? Essay

However, I ideate that they were acting somewhat childish. In reverse, Atticus is definitely an excellent habit model and a good father for Jem and Scout. Firstly, Atticus raised both children Jem and Scout on his own and was always there for them. He was neighborly with his children and he was always ready with a big hug when they needed comfort. Also, he was a loving and caring father who cared around their procreation and tried to use as much time as contingent out of his packed work schedule to teach them how to read.Moreover, he spent father-child bonding time with them by reading stories to them at night. Secondly, he taught his children about morals and values patiently. He guided them with all(prenominal)day lessons in life. He set such a good example for his children, even when it manner risking his safety. Obviously there was a case where he defended Tom Robinson though no one else would. This shows that he was showing his children that everyone deserved to be toughened equally regardless of their skin colours and that one must do what is right even when that means doing something difficult.Thirdly, he taught his children valu fit lessons through little(a) incidents. For instance, he accepted payment in any form that his clients were able to give it, e. g. turnip greens, stove wood and hickory nuts, etc. It shows that he was teaching his children that money meant less than inspection and repairing ones forgiving beings and that all people regardless of income or status deserved his help and friendship. Fourthly, although he allowed his children to play and explore freely, he was also a home disciplinarian who always taught his children to think of how their actions will affect others and gave suitable punishments to them.For example, when Jem indemnity the camellia bushes of Mrs. Dubose, Atticus advised him to say sorry to such an sr. and sick lady. Mrs Dubose then punished him by asking him to read to her every afternoon for two ho urs. Atticus used this experience to teach Jem what truly courage meant and focus on the principles of life and respects while upholding faithfulness and justice. To conclude, although Atticus is not a perfect father, he was very liable and easily gained trust of Jem and Scout, which is something essential in every parent-child relationship.

Air Pollution: Causes and Effects

aviation Pollution Causes and Effects It keeps us alive but at the resembling time, it can in like manner be harmful. We breathe atmospheric state everyday. Air provides us with oxygen that is essential for living. Nitrogen, water vapor, and inert gases comprise send off along with oxygen. Emission of substances that contaminate air results to pollution. Air pollution is both pictorial and human-based. Natural air pollution is caused by phenomenon such as volcanic eruption, wind erosion, decomposition and radioactive materials. Writing essay can plainly do as much in explaining each cause.Volcanic eruptions send atomic number 16 dioxide, tons of ash, and soot into the air which mixes with water vapor to form dot rain. Dirt particles can also be carried to the atmosphere during wind erosion. This happens in aras with less ve gaination where soil cannot be held together. Bacteria that feed on decaying organic matter like plants or animals produce methane and carbon dioxide, which are released into the atmosphere. Earths crust is composed is composed of a radioactive element called uranium. Uranium turns into Radium once it decays afterward forming Radon.Radon is a gas that combines with air through with(predicate) evaporation. Human activities or anthropogenic sources also cause air pollution. These activities by and large involve burning of fuel. Stationary sources include factories and power plants. Mobile sources, on the other hand, are motor vehicles, aircraft, and water vessels. There are becalm other human-based causes of air pollution. Landfills, where wastes get decomposed, generate methane. Use of aerosol sprays and the likes also contribute to air pollution. Air pollution spreads easily as it travels into the atmosphere.People get exposed to air pollution not just outdoors. Even in the comforts of our houses and workplaces, air pollution can also occur. This is known as indoor pollution. Our respiratory and cardiovascular systems get affec ted by air pollution. The health risk air pollution poses depend on the type of chemical our bodies were exposed to, and the degree of exposure. It can either be short- bourne or long-term. Examples of short-term effects are eye irritation, coughing, and sneezing. While long- term effects include heart disease, lung cancer, and damage to vital organs such as brain, liver, or kidneys.Air pollution can also worsen a persons medical condition. Humans are not the only victims of air pollution. purlieu also suffers. You may have read about this over once again as air pollution effects is a common number in writing essay. Acid rain can be disgraceful to trees and plants once it penetrates the soil and raises its acidity. Acid rain also causes damage to properties. It corrodes materials do of stone like statues and monuments. Air pollution has long been a spherical problem. You can help increase awareness on how to protect air by writing essay . Take your part in fall air pollution , and save lives.

Antonio Vivaldi: Introductory Concepts

Introductory Concepts peaceful by Antonio Vivaldi, Linverno (Winter) is the fourth concerto of a set of violin concertos named Le Quattro Stagioni (The four seasons) that belong to a more complex work titled Il cimento dellarmonia e dellinventione (The Contest of Harmony and Invention) (Grasmeier) . The building of this piece is in ternary form. The piece begins with a fast gait and then slows down to finish fast and loud again. Vivaldi makes use of medley in this Winter composition through dynamic when the music utterly changes its volume and also through changes in pace.Although this concert is performed only by string instruments (mainly violins) he also achieves variety by using opposite techniques among the instruments ( kindred pizzicato). Vivaldis Winter is considered a program music which means it must(prenominal) tell a story. I believe he is able to awake cold, ice, chattering teeth, shivering bodies, and wind. Beginning with a fast pace seems like a big storm is ab out to come, when the violins go in crescendo it feels almost like some people are running to regain shelter, and the pizzicatos reminded me of shivering.I also believe that the high pitch of the violins helps to give the image of coldness. This masterpiece is played by an instrumental ensemble, more specifically, an orchestra and has a violin solo. The instruments problematic are string instruments (violin being the predominant). The main melody or vagary A is played very loud and the violin solo is punish with bravura which gives more heart to the music. In all, I believe that this composition serves its inclination of creating mood and is also very delightful to listen to.

How to Compete in India Essay

1. The governmental environment in India has prove to be critical to company performance for twain PepsiCo and Coca-Cola India. What specific aspects of the political environment acquire played key roles? Could these effects have been evaluate prior to market accounting entry? If not, could developments in the political arena have been handled better by each company?2. Timing of entry into the Indian market brought different resolves for PepsiCo and Coca-Cola India. What benefits or disadvantages accrued as a result of earlier or later market entry?3. The Indian market is enormous in terms of population and geography. How have the two companies responded to the perfect scale of operations in India in terms of product policies, promotional activities, pricing policies, and distribution arrangements?4. Global localization (glocalization) is a policy that some(prenominal) companies have implemented successfully. Give examples for each company from the case.5. How cannister Pe psi and degree centigrade confront the issues of water use in the manufacture of their products? How can they take away further boycotts or demonstrations against their products? How effective are activist groups like the bingle that launched the campaign in California? Should Coke address the group this instant or just let the furor subside?6. Which of the two companies do you think has better long term prospects for success in India?7. What lessons can each company draw from its Indian experience as it contemplates entry into other Big Emerging Markets?8. Comment on the decision of both Pepsi and Coke to enter the bottled water market instead of continuing to rivet on their core productscarbonated beverages and cola-based drinks in particular.

Bdo Benchmarking Assignment Essay

When considered in general m startary value Turnbull described it as All influences touch on the institution processes, including those for ap signaling the controllers and/or regulators involved in organising the production and sale of equitable and services.. it includes in all types of firms whether or non they atomic mo 18 in somaticd beneath civil law. (Turnbull, 2002181) Factoring in all other definitions, in its simplest terms it give notice be defined as the exercise of power oer integrated entities (Clarke, 2004).It is not the same as the guidance and the running of the caller- start, it is come to with how the Board of Directors, who be the dictateing body of a connection, supervise precaution, because it is they who ar responsible for holding the perplexity of a participation delineateable and ensuring the comp either is cosmos ran in a way which is favourable towards the sh atomic government issue 18holders and other stakeholders. It is the Direc tors right to develop strategy and policies for the omp either and to determine the educateion the nidus should take the art organization of reasoning in and the Directors halt overall responsibility for the performance of the caller-out (Tricker, 2012). maculation the phrase embodied constitution wasnt coined until the 1960s and not usually used until the 1980s, it has really been in a gradual process of ontogeny since the 16th century and pronounce venture trading. One of the major(ip) developments in world economies which brought the need for integrated government activity to the fore was the universe of particular(a) liability companies in the 19th century.What this meant was when companies were compound they became a separate effective entity, separate from their shargonholders and with similar legal rights to buy, sell and transfer sh argons and assets, to employ state and to sue and be sued in the unwrap of the corporation. This meant the liability for any companionship debts lay with the sh atomic number 18holders and not the management or the attach to. Add to this the particular that because of the introduction of the stock commercialize, sh ars could be easily bought and sold, meaning the shargonholders could be vast in numbers and attain a large geographical spread.Due to the fact that all corporate entitites need to governed, the implications of this were that the management (executive control) and the sh beholders ( admiters) were often separated (Tricker, 2012). Situations much(prenominal) as these, are where corporate institution is deemed to be most(prenominal) essential because thither is a root assumption, that members of management who do not own the participation are potential to be more reckless with individual elses money, i. e. the fraternitys, than they would be with their own money (Having Their Cake, 2013). This is known as the agency dilemma, which go out be expanded upon later.Electing a Boa rd of Directors who fall in the vex of the shareholders at the forefront of their object, al belitt takes members to in unmediatedly oversee the actions undertaken by the management, in rule to watch that as doers of the shareholders, the management is performing in line with the best interests of the corporation (Lashgari, 2004). 1. 2. Selection of a Case Company However, as Turnbull pointed out in corporeal validation Its scope, concerns and theories (2002), having a restriction of solely publicly traded corporations in studies of corporate government activity, limits the validity of any onclusions drawn astir(predicate)(predicate) the most efficient arrangements for corporate institutions with regards to intelligent governance practices and the effect they afford on a companys performance. As Jensen s fear in 1993 Privately held entities could provide the most form of enterprise. (Jensen, 1993, cited in Turnbull, 2002). It was with this in mind that I chose BDO LLP UK (BDO), which is an incorporated allyship company in the UK, which is owned and ran by its members/partners. It is a company which offers financial scotching, size up, tax and business consultancy services (BDO LLP UK website, 2013). . 3. nearly the UK pecuniary Accounting and audited account Sector With the ever increasing digest on corporate governance for companies across the World, not just in the UK, audit firms such as BDO, KPMG and Deloitte are be access more primary(prenominal) because it is at that place job to ensure that companies are adhering to regulations laid out in the UK incarnate Governance Code (2010, revised in 2012). It should naturally jibe that audit companies will hand over extremely good corporate governance practices put in place, however, this is not necessarily the case.Since 2000 there take hold been a number of steep profile s raftdals within the outside(a) somatic Financial Accounting industry, for example, Enron were appoint to b e inflating revenues and hiding debts and there was excessively the Bernard Madoff Ponzi abstract, where the real s crowd outdal was that the robbing of millions of pounds worth of peoples money, escaped the guardianship of auditors and regulators. ). Due to such scandals, many national regulators implemented upstart corporate governance requirements to improve standards (Mitchell Van der Zahn, 2009).In the UK cutting regulations with regards specifically to audit companies were too introduced, targeted directly at a certain group of companies. As of January 2010, 95% of the auditing work in the UK was being carried out by 8 firms, BDO being one of them. It was deemed that such companies had built upon their reputation to take mastery in the UK market and the Financial brooding Council (FRC) felt it was in the semipublics interest for these companies to be transparent and in order to defy public trust be exemplars of best corporate governance practice.This conduct to the introduction of the inspect unswerving Governance Code (2010) by the bring of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW), which drew from aspects of the 2010 UK Code and established principles such as the appointment of independent non-executives within the governance structure of their company. While such rules did not apply outside of the targeted companies, it was the hope of the ICAEW that it would provide a bench mark of good governance for other companies to follow (ICAEW website, 2013). With such a transparent line being made about the importance of corporate governance in this palm of work, it seemed to me to be an obvious choice to choose one of the 8 companies on the ICAEWs list for my case-study. 1. 4. About BDO LLP UK As dilate earlier BDO LLP UK is an incorporated partnership company in the UK, which is owned and ran by its members/partners and it provides financial accounting, audit, tax and business consultancy services.It is the 6th largest accountanc y firm in the UK and is a member of the BDO International Network, which itself is the 5th largest accounting organisation in the World. In an take on to break into the round top 4 big firms in the UK, BDO LLP UK completed a merger with PKF, a rival firm, in April 2013 (Keynote, 2013). subsequently researching BDO LLP UK, it became very clear that corporate governance was of the upmost importance to the company. non moreover did it train specific areas on its website dedicated to corporate governance and corporate social responsibility but it in addition had a number of applicable publications regarding corporate governance. One article for example, Making Internal Audit Relevant, discussed the high whole step of corporate governance in the UK run aground by studies carried out by the FRC, it went on to say that this was underpinned by the UK Corporate Governance Code and that it was vital in maintaining the attractiveness of the UK market, to encourage new investment (BDO LLP UK website, 2013).My research in addition found that BDO had carried out a joint study with the Quoted Companies Alliance, which considered the introduction of a mandatory corporate governance commandment for small and mid-capital audit companies in the UK. Just as a point of fact, this was a proposition that 92% of such companies agreed with. One of the major indications that BDO think corporate governance is vital to the success of a company is that they produce an annual transparence report, which has an appendix of a statement of form with the Audit Firm Governance Code (2010).They render also went to capital lengths to create a summary report in 2012 for businesses which they audit, detailing any changes to corporate governance regulations and focusing on leadership and effectiveness, insurance coverage, risk, audit, remuneration and investor dealings (Corporate Governance for TMT Businesses, 2012). It seems to be an interesting idea to formulation at a company who places so much emphasis on good corporate governance, not only for itself but also the companies it works for, to see if they do comply completely with the regulations and if they are in fact exemplars of good practice. . Theories of Corporate Governance thither are various theories and philosophies with regards to corporate governance, all of which, as a collective, have laid a foundation for the development of distinguishable corporate governance systems around the world (Lashgari, 2004). This paper will go steady at a number of these theories and how they relate to BDO, in order to gain a better soul of the governance standards at BDO. 2. 1. Agency hypothesisIn the 1930s, Berle and Means published The Modern Corporation and Private prop, it provided the first debate about the agency dilemma and set a basis for agency speculation. They appriseed that where ownership is separated from management or is astray dispersed, it becomes difficult for owners to have an effective c heck on the autonomy of corporate managers. The agency dilemma was further refined in the 1970s, when theories were brought to the fore suggesting agents (managers) are likely to be self-interested and will serve their own interest onward those of the principle (owners).Such theories also suggested that in order to counter this enigma companies have to incur agency costs, for example, to create incentives to align the interest of the agent with the company and the cost of monitoring the conduct of agents. Many other theorists have a problem with agency conjecture because it does not even attempt to explore the possibility managers are not self-interested and opportunistic. However, they cannot deny that it has een very prestigious in developing market-based governance mechanisms and board-based governance mechanisms. Due to BDO being an incorporated partnership and their shares not being publicly traded, we will only look at the board-based mechanisms (Having Their Cake, 2013). Agency theory has caused internal reform of boards, there has been an make up in executive share options schemes, meaning that managers are being offered right in the company they will manage, in order to align their interest (Having Their Cake, 2013).Agency theory has also led to the introduction of independent non-executive directors onto Boards of Directors, in order to ensure the actions of the management are being ablely monitored by the board themselves and fictional character of boards have been large(p)ly elaborated, they are becoming more involved with the setting of objectives of companies and monitoring of any actions taken by management and stricter provisions have been put in place to ensure the time interval of the roles of chairmen and chief executive (Cadbury Committee, 1999).When applying agency theory to BDO, it is easy to see that there is a situation of agency and principle, with the fact that there are 193 partners in the firm and only 5 partners who are p art of the Leadership team up (LT- management) which is responsible for the overall management of the company and is chaired by the Managing befriender. It is also perceptible from their 2012 enhancer Report that all members of the LT have been partners in the company for a number of years, with currently the shortest term being 12 years.This could be considered good governance by BDO because in an effort to avoid the agency dilemma, they ensure their management team is made up of partners, whose interest is already aline with the interests of the business. The transparency report also states that BDO have a collaborationist Council (equivalent to a Board of Directors) which is independent from the LT and responsible for the overall governance, in particular the concern and office of the LT. They are also responsible for choosing members of the LT and for electing independent non-executive directors, for which there are 2 at BDO.These independent non-executive directors sit on the LT and report to the partner council of any issues of conformity with governance, policies and procedures, for which they are responsible for providing datarmation on to the LT. The Partner Council is chaired by the Senior Partner who performs a node facing role and is responsible for managing all decisions. He also attends LT meetings in a non-executive might to facilitate his charge role of the governance of the company (Transparency Report, 2012).As we can see the management team is subject to a lot of oversight and monitoring by the Partner Council and the roles of the Senior Partner and Managing Partner are completely separate, this is all a way of ensuring the company has a high standard of governance and to also ensure the management is acting in the best interest of the all the owners. BDO goes to a big effort in organising their governance structure in order to avoid the problems arising from the agency dilemma. 2. 2. choice Dependence TheoryThis theory origin ated from studies performed by Pfeffer and Salancik (1978), they suggest that board members and non-executive directors can provide a firm with a vital set of re firsts. Non-executive directors are appointed with the expectation that they will foul the organisation with its problems and to be a source of expertise which executives can draw upon for skills and advice and they can also be a source of contacts and information which they have gained through their past get (Having Their Cake, 2013).At varied stages in the life-cycle of companies, they have very different ask from their non-executive directors. To young entrepreneurial companies, non-executive directors can be a cheap source of legal, financial or operation management skills, while publicly listed companies are in need of network connections such directors can provide, for example, sources of finance.They can also provide the benefit of attaching a good reputation to their company. Mature businesses, with which we ar e most concerned because BDO falls into that category, can use non-executive directors for their relevant market or managerial experience and from the consumer confidence which can be gained from that persons good reputation being interact to their company (Having Their Cake, 2013).Applying this theory to the independent non-executive directors of BDO, we can clearly see from the Transparency Report (2012) that two have experience of past non-executive director roles and both bring their own experience in a relevant field, Lesley MacDonagh with a high take aim of experience of law and business management which she gained from being a Managing Partner at Law firm Lovells and Lord David Currie having experience of business management from eing a Dean of Cass Business School and a past professorship of OFCOM and he also has sound knowledge of the legal system from being a member of the House of Lords. This places them perfectly for their positions of overseeing the governance of an d business management of BDO. 2. 3. Stewardship Theory This theory, which originated from the works of Donaldson (1990), suggests that directors can have motives which are pro-organizational and counters the assumption by agency theorists that management aims are based in self-interest and are not aligned with those of the shareholders.Donaldson even goes as far as to suggest that negative investor assumptions of the management will have the opposite effect to what was intend and can actually weaken the leadership of a company by weakening the managements authority when splitting the decision making power in the midst of the board and the management.Donaldson also put forward the theory that inside managers and directors have possibly spent their lives working for the company they govern and because of this not only have a grueling understanding of how the company is ran, therefore are able to make superior decisions, but also they will have naturally built a strong standoff and personal investment in the success of the company.He also points out that decisions made by a board of outsiders could be of a start eccentric because they would not be in a position to in full understand the company because they would not have access to the same light knowledge sources and would lack any information which could inform them of the contextual temperament of any business situations. All this in turn could lead to low firm performance (Nicholson and Kiel, 2007). As was stated earlier, BDO has a LT which is made up of partners who have been working for the company in a particular field and have been a partner for a number of years.The field they are responsible for as part of the LT is relevant to the field they have been antecedently working in, for example the organise of Audit and taxation, Paul Eagland has been a Tax Partner for 17 years. This ensures that any decisions that are being made are informed with the necessary knowledge to make the correct decision for the company. Also, as has been stated previously working for the company has long has built a strong affiliation to the company and its success.With regards to the non-executive director element of the board, it is made up of both independent members who come from outside the company (such as mentioned previously) and Directors such as the Senior Partner who has been with the company for a number of years, this allows for any gaps in the knowledge of the directors to be covered because there is an overlap between the meetings of the LT and the Partner Council when the Senior Partner sits in on LT meetings as an affiliated non-executive director.This ensures that the company is practicing good governance and that the board cannot be misled by the management as to how the company is being ran and if the interests of the other Partners are being looked later on (Transparency Report, 2012). 2. 4. Stakeholder Theory Freeman (1980s) put forward a whole new idea in terms of corporate governance theories, he argued that it should not simply be just the shareholders or partners interests which should be considered when making business decisions, he suggested that companies should be ran with the interests of all stakeholders in mind.Other stakeholders include employees, who have invested their time and skills in the company and have an invested interest in the companys success, in order for them to ensure job security. This, Freeman classes as a direct interest in the success of the company, other direct stakeholders include customers and suppliers. What Freeman classed as having an indirect interest in the performance of the company includes the community as a whole and the environment (Having Their Cake, 2013).There is a major problem with this theory, which is that it is hard to operationalize because it is difficult to decide the weightiness that should be given to different stakeholders but accepting this difficulty, some theorists have suggested that while ultimately they are accountable to the shareholders, they must(prenominal) take into account the interests of other stakeholders when making decisions.This demand for stakeholder value is legitimised through a number of examples, take globalisation the spread of business and corporations across the world has led to environmental damage, an amplification in corporate corruption and excessive executive pay has been, for example with RBS, to come hand-in-hand with company downsizing which has a direct impact on employees.In the name of good corporate governance, the increase in the value of stakeholder interests has led to an increase in business ethic codes and heightened corporate practice visibility and corporate reports of social responsibility and environmental matters (Having Their Cake, 2013). According to BDOs website and their Transparency Report (2012), the company takes the interests of various stakeholders into account when making decisions about how the business is run , in a number of different ways, through policies and procedures * Ethical RequirementsThe company has a Professional Services manual(a) and an Audit Manual, which contain rules relating to ethical conduct of employees, management and Partners. It is easily companionable on the company intranet and is supplemented with training and is designed to comply with International and UK ethical motive Standards. The Partners and staff sign annual declarations as to their compliance to the code and the company has an Ethics Partner who is tasked with providing guidance as to correct ethics and also with maintaining compliance. * Client RelationshipsBDO has 5 core values which all partners and staff are committed to, they are honesty and integrity, taking personal responsibility, mutual prevail and strong and personal guest relationships. To aid in these values and to help deliver a select service to clients, the company has robust client and engagement procedures. They carry out risk as sessments on both latent client, before signing a contract and this helps to ensure that not only is the company secure but also that they provide the client with the sufficient standard and amount of staff they are in need of.The HR department also has clear policies and procedures when it comes to recruitment in training, to ensure the company has a sufficient number of staff who are competent and meet the required ethical standards, all in the name of providing a timber service to clients. * Employee Relationships BDO have an inclusive culture when it comes to recruitment and training and development, it provides every staff member with the same opportunities to progress regardless of differences. They have strong policies and procedures regarding regular reviews, which are performed bi-annually.They also seek to adopt the most relevant recruitment selection tools, in order to ensure the fit and quality of those joining the company. They also provide employees with learning ma ps and life history and performance wheels, which helps with career development and ensures promotions only occur when the staff member is ready. This all help in the success of the company. * Corporate Social Responsibility BDO actively support and develop the local community, they have an established network of over 20 champions in the UK, tasked with stimulating local ideas and initiatives to help developing the community.They have a Community Volunteering Policy, allowing employees to take 6 days a year to volunteer, and they are not restricted to volunteer at certain organisations. It can be whatever is important to them. BDO ensure the negative impact their business has on the environment is minimised and have an Environmental Policy which can be accessed at the follow address http//www. bdo. uk. com/about-us/corporate-social-responsibility/environment. Considering this, it could be said that with regards to stakeholder value BDO practices good corporate governance. . BDO Go vernance in Practice 3. 1. Transparency Report Due to the EUs 8th Directive on transparency reporting being adopted, in April 2008 the Professional Oversight Board published the Statutory Auditors (Transparency) official document (2008), requiring auditors of companies with a public interest to publish annual transparency reports. It also detailed requirements that such reports must meet, including systems of quality control, independence practices and procedures and information about the company, i. e. he structure and the management. The BDO Transparency Report (2012) is available at http//static. bdo. uk. com/assets/documents/2012/09/Transparency_Report_for_the_52_weeks_ended_29_June_2012. pdf . Transparency reports are used to demonstrate the quality of audit processes and practices of a company and are also used to encourage a high level of confidence and trust from stakeholders and the business community. BDO also provided a statement of compliance with the Audit Firm Governa nce Code (2010), which can be seen in Appendix A.The transparency includes details of the Governance Structure of the UK Firm, including the management and carrying into action of independent non-executive directors, the values of the company, the Internal Quality Control System, the Risk prudence Control System and details the policies and procedures regarding independence, whistleblowing, professional development and partner remuneration. 3. 2. disceptation of Compliance with the Audit Firm Governance Code One of the most important aspects of the Transparency Report is the Statement of Compliance with the Audit Firm Governance Code.Some of the key aspects of which include compliance with * the owner accountability principle- the Partnership Council reviews decisions made by the Leadership Team, the management * the management principle- strategic and operational leadership is provided by the LT * the professionalism principle- the whole firm is committed to quality work and pro fessional judgement and values. The firms management and the Head of Risk and Quality reinforce the appropriate tone at the top, instilling professional and ethical values in the firm.BDO employees are evaluate to comply with an internal code of conduct * the Involvement of independent non-executives principle- BDO appointed Independent Non-Executives in July 2008, comply with the same independence requirements as our partners and employees and they have sufficient experience and expertise to command the respect of the partners * the Compliance Principle- BDO have policies and procedures to ensure they comply with professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements * the whistleblowing policy- all actions arising out of incidents of whistleblowing, are reported to the Head of Risk and Quality who will make an annual report the Internal Reporting Principle- LT, Partnership Council, Audit Committee and Risk Committee are supplied with information in a timely manne r and in a form and of a quality which enables them to discharge their duties * the Financial Statements Principle- BDO publish annual audited financial statements in consent with UK GAAP While BDO provide a very clear statement about how compliant they are with regards to the Audit Firm Governance Code, we must look at the FRCs BDO LLP- Audit Quality Inspection, 2013 which considered the corporate governance compliance of BDO in order to get a true understanding of their standard of corporate governance compliance. 3. 3. FRC Annual critique of BDOThe FRC found that in most areas there were appropriate policies and procedures in place for its size and client base and they found that all the statements that were made in the Transparency Report were consistent with their understanding of BDOs policies and procedures of the firm. However, when the FRC reviewed the audits BDO carried out themselves on other companies, they found that a number of governance codes were not being adhered to * Firstly, they were not incessantly providing a high standard of quality auditing, failing to challenge explanations and inputs from managers, they did not always report the disclosure deficiencies which were identified to the Audit Committee and there was a lack of adequate communication with the Audit Committee with regards to away information, which led to safeguards that had been put in place not being powerful assessed. Secondly, the FRC found that the audits were not always being reviewed thoroughly enough and audit quality issues and omissions in reports were not being identified. * Thirdly, BDO were found to not have complied to the full with ethical standards in a number of different ways * The business plan inferred that fees should be set lower if non-audit fees are likely to be earned, this goes against their own required ethical standards and their own * Performance valuation criteria including the cross-selling of non-audit services * The list of entities whi ch partners held shares and could generate a conflict of interests was not up to date. A more robust set of procedures was suggested to ensure that this list was unbroken up to date in future Lastly, the Internal Quality Review was not of a high enough standard, it did not provide a sufficient level of detail and clarity of explanations of significant findings. 4. Conclusion We can see that BDO go to great lengths to try and ensure that they are fully compliant with corporate governance codes and regulations, not only with their policies and procedures and the way the company is managed but also with governance structure of the company and the values and focus of the aims and objectives of the company. They also have a strong focus on transparency and ethics within in their business and this is linked to their value of providing great customer client relationships with professionalism, honesty and integrity.They also go to great lengths to aid the companies with which they work, in complying with corporate governance codes, again this is all in the name of developing excellent quality and trustworthy client relationships, in order to maintain and improve the success of their business. However, as we can see from the FRC review, there are gaps in their governance compliance, in particular with internal reporting and ethical standards, but it will have to be seen in the coming years of reviews if the increase in transparency and an even greater focus on corporate governance will lead to BDO closing such gaps. 5. 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