Influential Event :: essays papers

Influential EventExperience is what you receive when you dont get what you want. I remembered my fathers sound outs as I tried to postpone the coming massacre. Like during the fall of the Roman Empire, my allies became enemies and my foes dark into partners. In fast and furious action with property changing hands again and again, I rested my fate on the words of one man, hoping he would rescue me from this dangerous tailspin. Dont these experts realize the heartbreak theyre inflicting on my young life? While the uncertainty of tomorrows organise is the most pressing concern for many seventeen-year-olds, I must worry about much greater issues Its August 31,the foodstuff is down all over 300 points and the value of my stock portfolio is falling fast. Usually, whenever I mention the words stockbroker or investment other students snicker that Im actually elicit in that stock market stuff. My interest in investing began when as a nave freshmen I learned that my assistant JV basketba ll cultivate Tom Wingfield worked with Dean Witter as a stockbroker. Over the course of the season, I expressed interest in his job, and we became inseparable. Tom became my mentor, and I absorbed every word he spoke. Almost immediately, I became infatuated with the market and wanted to invest every penny I have. To the delight of my fifteen-year old brother, before school I even found myself opening the newspaper directly to the business section, giving my brother first rights to the sports page for the first time in his life. Hoping to soon come in the market, I worked at a nearby retirement infrastructure for several months and earned a little money. To help me buy more stock, my father concur to match any amount of money I invested. I told Tom about the plan, and he thought it was fantastic. The next day, I had a stock portfolio and dreams of preceding(a) by age 30. Three years have elapsed since that fateful November morning, and every two weeks I religiously place part of my retirement home paycheck into the market. Every small-time investor probably dreams of making a million dollars I was no different. I pictured my meager investments taking off and my adequate a professional trader. August 31 quickly jolted me back to reality, and I was reminded of that infamous expression my father told me. No one really plays the market for experience thats just what people say after losing money.

Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay -- Doping in Sports

The use of surgical operation enhancing drugs in sports (doping) is done to improve athletic performance. Doping in sports has become a highly controversial publication among professional sporting venues and in the media. With the increased pressure to perform, high priced contracts, increased competition, and advanced training methods todays athletes will try to gain an keenness by any means necessary. Performance enhancing drugs used by athletes today include Human Growth Hormone (HGH), anabolic steroids, peptide hormones, amphetamines, insulin and stimulants. The reason athletes use performance enhancing drugs is to increase the amount of testosterone produced in the body. The increased testosterone in the body increases muscle strength by enabling new muscle growth.Although there are laws passed with the bearing of ridding sports of the use of performance enhancing drugs, it is still a highly debated topic. Supporters argue it is beneficial for the sport. The opposition argue s against it. A syndicated political columnist argues Drugs that make sport exotic expire it of its exemplary power by making it a display of chemistry rather than characteractually, a display of chemistry and bad character (Will). In light of the overwhelming evidence, one must agree with the 2004 Anabolic steroid hormones Act, which attempts to ban the use of anabolic steroids in U.S sporting events. The use of performance enhancing drugs in sports is dangerous, unethical and ruins the integrity of the specific sport, by giving an unfair advantage to the user over their competitors.No one can deny that the use of performance enhancing drugs in sports makes it much more entertaining for fans. Watching home run records get shattered, and new world record times being set,... ...iego Greenhaven Press, 2006. At Issue. Rpt. from testimony before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs, Foreign Commerce, andTourism. 2002. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web.We Should Ac cept Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Competitive Sports. Writ. Radley Balko.Intelligence Squared US debate. Intelligence2 debates. 15 Jan. 2008. Web. 26 Apr.2012.West, Doug. Steroids Are Harmful. Steroids. Ed. Laura K. Egendorf. San Diego GreenhavenPress, 2006. At Issue. Rpt. from Steroid AbuseGetting Bigger. Youthculturetoday.2002. 20-24. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web.Will, George F. Steroids Are Destroying Baseball. Steroids. Ed. Laura K. Egendorf. SanDiego Greenhaven Press, 2006. At Issue. Rpt. from Steroids Scandal Is Damaging toBaseball. Conservative Chronicle (15 Dec. 2004) 25. Gale Opposing Viewpoints InContext. Web.

Sugar :: social issues

SugarJust a spoonful of colewort helps the medicate go down. Although a lot of people do not realize that e real single gram of sugar decreases the healthiness of the product by a enceinte percent. From the moment infants inaugural taste lactose in the milk, humans seem to find sweetness alluring. The refined sucrose we usually call sugar is very popular product on the market. Even though this product considered very unhealthy and sometimes harmful, I think it til now plays its role and still cause the world spin. It gives people a lot of energy it gives us joy and happiness. But in this world, everything has its consequence. After the joy and after the happiness comes diabetes, tooth decay, dissipation form fat. Its really hard to believe that something so sweet can produce that kind of damage. So how did sugar became such an important trade good in our community and the rest of the world? Sugar is one of the oldest and best documented of all of the medieval commodities. Ex actly what form, quality and price this commodity achieved could be changeable enough to create material for disagreement whenever the product is discussed. What we do know is that it was much more wide spread than is commonly believed. The discovery of sugarcane, from which sugar, as it is know today, is derived, dates back end unknown thousands of years. It is thought to have originated in New Guinea, and was spread along routes to Southeast Asia and India. The process known for creating sugar, by pressing out the succus and consequently boiling it into crystals, was developed in India around 500 BC. In 510 BC, hungry soldiers of the Emperor Darius were near the river Indus, when they discovered some reeds which produce honey without bees. patently this earlyish contact with the Asian sources of sugar cane made no great impression, so it was left to be re-discovered in 327 BC by horse parsley the Great, who spread its culture through Persia and introduced it in the Mediterran ean. This was the beginning of one of the best documented products of the nerve centre Ages. The sugar wasnt cultivated in Europe until the Middle Ages. Arabs traders were first to bring sugar to Spain. Christopher Columbuss voyage to America was the way sugarcane made it to North America. It was a gift from him to West Indians. in that respect this be found a great environment to spread in.Sugar social issuesSugarJust a spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down. Although a lot of people do not realize that every single gram of sugar decreases the healthiness of the product by a large percent. From the moment infants first taste lactose in the milk, humans seem to find sweetness alluring. The refined sucrose we usually call sugar is very popular product on the market. Even though this product considered very unhealthy and sometimes harmful, I think it still plays its role and still make the world spin. It gives people a lot of energy it gives us joy and happiness. But in th is world, everything has its consequence. After the joy and after the happiness comes diabetes, tooth decay, excess body fat. Its really hard to believe that something so sweet can produce that kind of damage. So how did sugar became such an important commodity in our community and the rest of the world? Sugar is one of the oldest and best documented of all of the medieval commodities. Exactly what form, quality and price this commodity achieved could be variable enough to create material for disagreement whenever the product is discussed. What we do know is that it was much more widespread than is commonly believed. The discovery of sugarcane, from which sugar, as it is known today, is derived, dates back unknown thousands of years. It is thought to have originated in New Guinea, and was spread along routes to Southeast Asia and India. The process known for creating sugar, by pressing out the juice and then boiling it into crystals, was developed in India around 500 BC. In 510 BC, hungry soldiers of the Emperor Darius were near the river Indus, when they discovered some reeds which produce honey without bees. Evidently this early contact with the Asian sources of sugar cane made no great impression, so it was left to be re-discovered in 327 BC by Alexander the Great, who spread its culture through Persia and introduced it in the Mediterranean. This was the beginning of one of the best documented products of the Middle Ages. The sugar wasnt cultivated in Europe until the Middle Ages. Arabs traders were first to bring sugar to Spain. Christopher Columbuss voyage to America was the way sugarcane made it to North America. It was a gift from him to West Indians. There this plant found a great environment to spread in.

A grace became a curse Essay --

For the past three years, the global economy has known a severe recession triggered by the financial meltdown and the collapse of the commercial and industrial activity in the world. This slowdown weighed its effects on the growth of economies worldwide. Algeria, which is not fully integrated into the outside(a) economy, is facing or will probably face some indirect effects of this crisis, but in a way less severe than in Europe The payment of the debt by anticipation, the constitution of a reserve fund and, above all, the high volatility of oils prices have allowed Algeria, in the unaw ares term, to avoid a catastrophic scenario which could destroy the country. Algeria has all the material and human potential to be a pivotal country for development in the Euro-Mediterranean and the Arab-African areas. Unfortunately, Algeria is a country that depends on 96% of oil revenues. This uncertain business which is hostage of many externalities, can collapse at any time and drive the to tally county into a total chaos. The lack of diversification in the Algerians economy is making its future uncertain and its standard of livelihood receding. Despite the clumsiness of its effects and the extent of its damages, this crisis can be an opportunity for Algeria to question the supremacy of its economy. It presents the opportunity to straighten out the economy by the execution of profound morphological changes which would generate real effects on the economy and on the employment in the long term, and to rethink a model of development for a boffo and real transition to the market economy build a growth which is released from the dependency to hydrocarbons and from the volatility of their prices to finally erase political system based to that extent e... ...ple where a young man never studied, doesnt have any skills and depends on his parents, when he loses them he ends up with no possibilities to make a living and realizes that he did invest his youth for his futu re. The Algerians economy is extremely weakened by the annuitant status. This vulnerability is the concatenation of the low diversification of the economy, but to a fault stagnation and decline. Revenues from oil revenues are sufficient to keep it in a static state. Stagnation triumph without sharing. Other economic sectors without clear policies and strategies without defined. Economic actors are paralyzed by invisibility or absence of long-term programs, their inconsistency and lack of planning and vision for the future. The State seems more than ever a attendant of the annuity, however, contrary to productive investment and any economic viability

Enemy of the People :: Essays Papers

Enemy of the PeopleThe book I read was written by Ibsen and called Enemy of the People. There were nine characters in this book but only five main characters. Dr. Stockmann, Hovstad, Aslaksen, Peter, and Billing. The protagonist was Doctor Stockmann. He has just discovered that a bathing complex that is life-or-death to the towns economy is seriously contaminated. He alerts several members of the community and receives generous support and thanks for making this discovery in time to pull through the town. The next day his brother, the town mayor and the antagonist, tells him he has to retract his statement to the town because to repair the bath it would cost to much money for the town the mayor is not convinced by the doctors findings. They have a huge argument, but the Doctor hopes that the newspaper will support him. But the mayor convinces the newspaper to gibe him.Soon after the doctor holds a town meeting to tell everyone about the baths. The mayor and Aslaksen, th e newspaper printer, try to keep him from speaking. The doctor begins a keen-sighted lecture in which he condemns the foundations of the town and the tyranny of the majority. The people find his speech offensive and revolt against the doctor. The next morning the doctors contribute is vandalized and all the people who supported him earlier now oppose him. Instead of leaving the town the doctor stays in the town to defy authority. His family is accessory and he says, that the strongest man is the man who nominates alone.Psychology plays a main part in the conclusion of the story. Its mob psychology, in the story the newspaper editors did support him and so did most of the town up until the mayor got to them and told them that he was bad. The people knew that the baths were no good and contaminated but they were to afraid to voice there opinion in fear that they might be different and consider bad to the town authorities. So mob psychology deals with people who dont want t o stand out in a crowd no matter what is going to happen to them or the town.

Enemy of the People :: Essays Papers

Enemy of the PeopleThe book I read was written by Ibsen and c aloneed Enemy of the People. There were nine characters in this book but only five main characters. Dr. Stockmann, Hovstad, Aslaksen, Peter, and Billing. The protagonist was Doctor Stockmann. He has just discovered that a bathing complex that is crucial to the towns economy is seriously contaminated. He alerts several members of the community and receives generous support and thanks for making this discovery in time to save the town. The neighboring day his brother, the town mayor and the antagonist, tells him he has to retract his statement to the town because to repair the bath it would cost to much money for the town the mayor is non convinced by the doctors findings. They have a huge argument, but the Doctor hopes that the newspaper will support him. But the mayor convinces the newspaper to oppose him. short after the doctor holds a town meeting to tell everyone ab place the baths. The mayor and Aslaksen, t he newspaper printer, try to keep him from speaking. The doctor begins a long cod in which he condemns the foundations of the town and the tyranny of the majority. The people find his speech offensive and revolt against the doctor. The next morning the doctors house is vandalized and all the people who supported him earlier now oppose him. Instead of leaving the town the doctor stays in the town to defy authority. His family is supportive and he says, that the strongest man is the man who stands alone.Psychology plays a main part in the conclusion of the story. Its mob psychology, in the story the newspaper editors did support him and so did to the highest degree of the town up until the mayor got to them and told them that he was bad. The people knew that the baths were no good and contaminated but they were to afraid to voice there opinion in venerate that they might be different and consider bad to the town authorities. So mob psychology deals with people who dont want to stand out in a crowd no matter what is going to happen to them or the town.

The Climate Change Impacts South East Asia’s Food Security

Global warming pretends many argonas of the planet. Not only are plants and animals unnatural by the rising temperatures, but so are the intensity of storms. Global warming is believed to be responsible for numerous storms across the world intensifying. Global warming is believed to be causing more monstrous hurricanes, floods, and now monsoon oceanson. As the temperatures across the globe continue to rise the intensity of the monsoon storms is continuing to build. If the temperatures continue to rise, the storms can father level more strict be give they thrive off of hot temperatures.As the temperatures from spheric warming continue to cause the pressure that results in monsoon storms continues to rise, the more intense the rains and winds willing become. As the rains and the winds intensify a number of serious complications can occur. Al nearly half of the worlds population lives in areas affected by the monsoons of Asia and most of these people are subsistence farmers, so the coming and goings of the monsoon are vital to their livelihood to grow nourishment to feed themselves. When its bounty is too great, floods can displace millions and cause hundreds of deaths.When it brings too slim rain between June and October, shortages of food and drinking water can develop. Too much or two little rain from the monsoon can mean disaster in the form of famine or flood. It is fair to say that the livelihoods, water security, food security, and energy security of Southeast Asia are all tied to the majority and timely arrival of monsoon season. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood in nearly every country in the region traditionally, Southeast Asian countries (and most Asian countries in general) depend on crops for food.Rice is arguably the most important food source in the region and is a major staple food. When you elate someone say it is the rice bowl of the country or something similar, they mean that it is the source of income and prosperity, an d it is how they feed their families. Thats how important rice is. Rice, grown in paddy fields, requires a lot of water to grow. This is why monsoons are so important to people in Southeast Asia its to ensure a good crop of rice. The theory is that when at that place is a good monsoon, there is plenty of water to grow crops and sustain heavy(a)r populations.This leads to economic prosperity. When there is less water, there is less food and the large population cannot be sustained. Southeast Asia weather is somewhat predictable with two distinct seasons wet and dry, and is highly susceptible to weather changes and is highly vulnerable to the changing climate. In fact all the countries in Southeast Asia are surrounded by the sea and are at risk due to the rising sea levels. In addition, global warming is also known to trigger climatic changes like tsunamis, cyclones and floods which specifically target the coastal areas.In the past decade, exceptionally severe climatic disasters wreaked havoc on the Southeast Asian countries, causing massive financial and life losses. In addition, the food supply of these countries was also hampered by the floods and droughts ravaging the full region. Precipitation has a dramatic effect on agriculture all plants need at least some water to survive. While a official rain pattern is usually vital to healthy plants, too much or too little rainwater can be harmful, and possibly even devastating to crops. Drought can kill crops and increase erosion, while overly wet weather can cause harmful fungus growth.Plants need varying amounts of rainfall to survive. Southeast Asia depends on the summer monsoon rains agriculture, for example, relies on the yearly rain. .A monsoon is a storm system that begins off of many coastal regions, typically hot, equatorial or forego areas. The storms created by the monsoon season thrive off of hot temperatures. The hot temperatures rise off of the ground as it is heated throughout the day and b egin to increase once the heat rises into the air. These hot areas of air then mix with areas of down in the mouth pressure air.As the heat continues to rise into the air throughout the day, the pressure continues to build with the low pressure. Eventually, this pressure results in a sudden rainfall. (Krishnamurti, 2007. ) Monsoons are notorious for bringing large amounts of rain in short amounts of time. This commonly causes flash flooding or mud slides. If the rains intensify from the monsoon storms, the chances of flash flooding increase. A larger amount of rain will be brought by the storms the higher the temperatures rise. This can cause a devastating consequence for areas of the world that have experienced a severe drought prior to the monsoon storms.Droughts will also become more common as the temperatures continue to rise. This increases the chances of flash flooding once the rains return. If severe flash floods occur, this brings about more complications. Mud slides and l andslides are also likely to occur once severe flooding has occurred. This can cause crops to be damaged, houses to be destroyed, and can even cause fatalities. Other serious complications can also occur. The monsoon seasons can begin to affect areas of the world that do not typically experience the monsoon storms. This can throw off entire ecosystems, destroy crops, and cause damages to natures habitats.Not only can this cause other areas of the world to be affected by the intense winds and rains but it can have a reverse effect on other areas of the world. Places that usually see the monsoon storms may all the sudden suffer from drought as the storms move to other areas. The droughts can cause severe sand and dust storms to begin. The tropical regions of the world can also be affected by these changes. The coastal regions can begin to experience severe hurricanes and tropical storms. This can cause severe flooding, damage, and wide spread devastation.Southeast Asia has been natur ally blessed with a rich soil and sufficient rainfall so that there is an enormous boorish potential in these countries. However, in the recent times, global warming has resulted in a series of catastrophic climatic disasters like floods, cyclones, tsunamis and droughts, which have ravaged the regions agricultural capacity, slain millions of edible animal food reserves and destroyed the aquatic habitats so that the food supply of people has been cut short severely. The process of global warming affects the overall climate in such a manner that all weathers tend to get extreme.There is extreme rainfall, extreme summers and short spells of extreme colds. This has resulted in the setting of floods at one time, and droughts at others in different parts of the globe. The Southeast Asian region has also suffered the consequences of these weather extremes in the forms of droughts, badly hampering the food supply of people in this region. Thus it can be concluded that the Southeast Asian r egion faces a serious predicament because of the process of global warming. The increasing global warming has brought some of the most disastrous events of the worlds history in Southeast Asia.

Effects of War Presented in Journey’s End Compared with Impact of War Shown in Strange Meeting Essay

Explore the ways in which the exercises of contend on the individual(a) are turn ined in gos End. Then compare the ways in which Sherriff presents the effects of struggle on the individual with the ways in which Hill shows the impact of fight on characters in Strange brush. The character most obviously impact by the war in locomotes End is Stanhope. We nail early on in the play that Stanhope drinks very heavily when Osborne and Hardy concur a conversation ab show up him.I neer did see a youngster put away the whisky he does. This is the first we see of the effects that the war has had on an individual and although there are other characters that are also affected, Stanhope appears to be the most prominent. It becomes apparent that Stanhope made a conscious decision to drink as a write out mechanism to deal with the war. It was afterward I came back here- in that awful affair on Vimy Ridge. I knew Id go mad if I didnt break the strain. I couldnt bear being fully cons cious all the time Here we take up that it wasnt until a particular attack within the war that Stanhope began to feel the strain and the pressure, and alcohol becomes an escape for him.He says There are only two ways of breaking the strain. One was pretending I was ill- and termination home the other was this. He holds up his glass. Sherriff could have shown us a minor character so deeply affected by alcohol that he had minded(p) up, whereas Stanhope appears quite the opposite, whereas in Strange Meeting Hill gives us a minor character affected by alcohol. It is also worth noning capital of North Carolinas reaction to his alcoholism is completely different to how Stanhope fears he will react, and in a way, our reaction too.Rather than look to Stanhope as a weak world who has taken the easy route by drinking excessive amounts, we seem to view him as courageous and strong willed. We later learn when he is talk to Hibbert, that Stanhope isnt as strong and resistant as we were ori ginally led to believe. Sometimes I feel I could just lie down on this bed and pretend I was paralysed or something- and couldnt move- and just lie there till I died- or was dragged away. The effects of war on Stanhope are presented both subtly and obviously.His drinking habits are continually referred to throughout and although we learn early on that it is something that the war has forced him into, his hatred for the war or his weak moments arent made clear to the ref until now when he admits his loathing to Hibbert. Hills character, Colonel Garrett in Strange Meeting is similar to Stanhope in the sense that both characters are driven to excessive drinking by the effects of the war. Colonel Garrett has changed and also turned to drink, we know this as the prose reads that Hilliard was appalled he had not dreamed that this could happen and so quickly to a man like Garrett.Despite this scene being the first time we are introduced to Colonel Garrett Hill manages to present the impac t the war has had on him through Hilliards reaction to Garretts new state of character. In contrast to Hill, Sheriff is less subtle in his creation of Stanhope and the character himself admits his change. It is interesting to note that Garrett is minor within the novel whereas Stanhope is a major character in the play which shows the different ways in which distributively author chose to present the effect of alcohol within their text.At the beginning of the play, Raleigh appears to be optimistic and enthusiastic. Even when he is ordered to go on a raid he seems proud to have been chosen and eager to get out there I say- its most frightfully enkindle however, this raid then triggers a change in Raleigh. After Osbornes death, Raleigh becomes distant and resentful towards the other officers. Good god Dont you understand? How can I sit down and eat that- when- when Osbornes- lying- out there. Not only is he struggling to cope and raising his example which he hadnt done before, but he is also shouting at Stanhope.Prior to this, Raleigh had always treated Stanhope with the utmost respect. Similar to Sheriffs character of Raleigh is Hills character of Barton in Strange Meeting who also changes after the impact of experiencing a death. That his face had changed, in the aloofness of a day and a night that his eyes have taken on the common look of shock and misery and exhaustion As with Raleigh in Journeys End, Barton also began the novel full of optimism and energy. However, Sheriff presents the effects of the war on Raleigh by having his character lashing out and blaming others.This contrasts with Hills presentation of Barton, who takes on a more morose, downhearted way of coping. You cannot and must not spend any more time blaming yourself, look if only this and if only that. Its useless. However, the parallel is that both characters change due to another soldiers death which affects the impact on the reader. The effect of the war on Hibbert (Journeys end), a nother officer in the company, is firstly presented subtly, in the way that he speaks of his neuralgia preventing him from carrying on in the war. We soon learn that he wants to go home and is willing to make up any excuse in order to do so.This shows how the war has taken away his self-respect and dignity as he admits that he would rather die. Go on, then, shoot You wont let me go to hospital. I swear Ill never go into those trenches again. Shoot and thank god-. The war has affected Hibbert so deeply that he is prepared to die rather than continue fighting. The character, Harris in Strange Meeting is very similar to Hibbert. Harris has a breakdown when their battalion arrives at Feuvry Then Harris lurched up, and forwards, his head touched his knees and he began to cry, not lifting his hands to wipe his face.However, where Sheriff presents us with a man so desperate to depart that he is willing to lie about an illness and is prepared to die rather than continue in the war, Hill p resents us with an ironic situation. The irony of the situation is that when Harris eventually comes out of the basement he is killed. Both writers choose to present us with individuals so affected by the war that they actually suffer from a breakdown in one way or another. Coulter from Strange Meeting and Trotter from Journeys End can also be compared.These two characters are similar in the way that they dont seem to have been affected by the war as they show no signs of degeneration. These two characters are an important contrast to the likes of Barton and Stanhope, whose changes are quite obvious. I feel that not to have changed notably is their response to the war. Coulter and Trotter both appear to be staying as close to their normal, original selves as possible as a coping mechanism for the war. It is interesting to note the genre difference between the two texts.Strange Meeting being a novel means that there is off the beaten track(predicate) more supportive background and d escriptive text for each character whereas Journeys End which is a play, must rely on dramatic encounter in order to demonstrate the development of a character. A lot of things which Hill would tell us in her prose must be relayed to the reader through dialogue or actions in the play. Hill could tell us that Barton came to the war excited and enthusiastic, whereas Sherriff would either have his character say how he mat or the stage directions would have to navigate the actor into getting this feeling across through actions.This makes each authors presentation of the effects of the war on the individual different automatically. Hill and Sherriff both present the effects that the war has on individuals through similar characters. They present to the reader how the death and demise within the war can affect even the most strong and positive of men. In both the novel and the play, the authors portray how some men cannot cope with the imminence of what is to come and therefore would r ather do anything but deal with it.Both writers examine how war can push men into drinking also in order to escape the desperate reality of their situation and use similar characters to highlight the ways in which war affects individuals, however the difference is in the way that the changes are presented. Hill is often more subtle in her presentation of her characters whereas Sherriff more blunt. Despite these differences, the negative effects of war on the individual characters are consistent in both works.

Year 12 End of year Project †Attributes of God

There are two main views of what it means to say that paragon is eternal 1. graven image is timeless, he is tabuside time and not bound by time matinee idol is the creator of time. 2. divinity fudge is everlasting, he moves along the very(prenominal) timeline that we do but never begins or ends. The past is the past for god as well as for us and the future is unknown to us and is analogouswise to some extent unknown to God because it has not happened yet. Our understanding of what it means for God to be eternal is important because it affects many other attributes of God for example, God is omniscient can God really know the details of events which have not yet happened? the puzzle of evil if God can see the full-length picture from the beginning can he be partly to blame for things creation the way they are? And God is omnipotent can God swop the past and undo events which have already happened or is that beyond his power? The view that God is timeless has been very popular among Christian thinkers for example, Anselm, Augustine, Boethius and Aquinas. God being timeless is the idea that God exists outside time, and can see the past present and future with perfect knowledge.Time is argued as an aspect of creation like space, and God is in control of it. God is not bound by space he can be and is everywhere at once. In the similar way God is not bound by time but exists in every part of history and every part of the future while being present in the orbit today. This view of God being timeless is popular because it shows that God is not limited. As an aspect of creation, time is something introduced by God rather than something God is dependent on.Gods omnipotence is not threatened if God is not bound by the restrictions of time perhaps a God who could not know the future would be less powerful than one who could. It is a view that God is un falsifyable (immutable), which is argued to be a infallible part of God. People who dont like the ide a of God being everlasting argue that if God was bound by time past he would be much more limited. He would not know what the outcomes of actions might be he would have to wait and see how events turned out before he decided what to do next.If this was true Gods omnipotence and omniscience would be reduced to the point where God could hardly be called all-powerful and all-knowing. Those who patronize the view that God is outside time argue that other concepts of Gods relationship with time do not recognise the uniqueness of God. God can bring events in time and can cause changes in hatful without being changed himself, because God is not a person in the same way we are.There are things which are realistic for God, because of the unique nature of his existence, even if we may not be able to see how they could be possible from at heart our limited understanding. Other people have raised objections to the view that God is timeless, saying it creates more problems than it resolves . It has been argued that if God is timeless and unchangeable then God cannot be a person, or be said to have a life. A person with a life has to be changeable in order to have relationships and respond to people according to what they do.A timeless God would not be able to love because a timeless God is immutable and therefore is not affected by anything. Jurgen Moltmann and Charles Hartshorne argued that love cannot be compatible with immutability. A loving being responds to the object of his/her love. If the loved one is disembodied spirit happy, the one who shared that love is in that happiness too if the loved one suffers, then the one who loves feels pain too. But these feelings change/happen within time. Therefore God has to exist within time, so that God is able to respond to us through love.If there is a living God who has relationships with people as individuals then it is argued that God cannot also be timeless. Richard Swinburne writes that the view of a timeless God co ntradicts the Bible If God had thus fixed his intentions from all timelessness he would be a very lifeless thingYet, the God of the Old Testa handst is a God in continual interaction with men Swinburne argues that the view of God outside time is one which is not biblical but which has entered Christian thinking through the influence of ancient Greeks, and then re-enforced by Thomas Aquinas.Swinburne does not see why a perfect being should have to be changeless it was Plato who planted the idea about a world that was unchanging but do we have to accept Platos ideas? In the Bible, Swinburne argues God does not have fixed purposes for all eternity. He does not set apart for all of time to have something happening which is then unchangeable. God interacts with people and his decisions about what will happen may change because of the on-going process of his relationship with individuals.A biblical example of this is Hezekiahs illness when he prays to God and God gives him another fifte en years of life. Perhaps, Swinburne was right and that God does have plans but was persuaded to change his mind. However, there are passages that suggest God has fixed intentions which do not change. Unlike humanity, God knows with perfect knowledge what he will do and has no need to alter his views. Augustine considered the question of whether the Bible supports the idea of a God who is timeless or a God who is everlasting and reached the opposite conclusion to Swinburne.For Augustine, the problem was that God had made the world at a particular point in time, which raised the issue of what God had been doing all the time beforehand. Augustine wondered why, if God was everlasting, he picked a particular moment to create the universe, and how God might have been spending his time before the universe existed. For Augustine, the biblical account of creation points towards a timeless God, who chooses to create day and night and chooses to create the seasons but who transcends ideas of before and after.

Why Pursue a Master’s in Business Administration?

Pursuing a MBA will be able to prep ar you for a lifetime of focusing responsibilities in a business. People choose to absorb a Masters of Business Administration (MBA) for a variety of reasons. Whether it is for an instant change in biography path, future(a) job development, meetify a position/promotion, or to begin ones personal business, pursing an MBA will provide someone with many rewards in a career and can expand their knowledge of controlling an industry and provide chances for employment, recognition, sponsorship and income increase. I located to pursue an MBA to develop my business knowledge and enlarge my career options.I am a waitress in a full service restaurant and have been in the hospitality industry for about octet years. I am interested in furthering my career and exploring different options that has the potential to offer more financial benefits. I am not satisfied with just having a bachelors degree because over the years it has become equivalent to a high school diploma and that will not preparedness me apart from my competitors. harmonize to the gmatmbahelp website, having an MBA, which is recognized almost universally, will increase your ability to compete for jobs in more locations.One of the main reasons why people decide to pursue an MBA is because it frequently allows graduates to make a better salary. The common starting salary for MBA graduates is based on the number of years of work they have ahead starting their degree. However, it has been reported that some with less than three years of trade experience start out earning close to $70,000. This number rises severely as graduates found up additional practice in their fields. Having an MBA offers more financial possibilities than only having a Bachelors degree.At this time in my life I am indistinct of the career path I would like to take. I have little work experience and I am not sure of the industry I would like to pursue. But while I am seeking opportunities and dif ferent industries I think it is worth my while to gain a higher education. According to the Jungian 16/type personality test I am observant, cool and highly pragmatic person. The test scores states that I am a rational thinker with semi-procrastinations and the best time of day that I am productive is in the evening.I am motivated to manage, trustworthy, relaxed and handles conflict very well. So I plan to pursue an industry with those attributes so that I am effective and every area of my career. I am very excited to pursue my MBA and hope that it will give me a great advantage and opportunity over others. With the time being spent in seeking my future I can receive my MBA and became a step above those with just a bachelors degree. An MBA is a marketable and multipurpose degree. Those who only have an bachelors delay themselves at a stable place and it is often hard to advance in their career path.They also make it hard to market themselves in other industries when a change is wan ted or needed. Even if an MBA graduate has to start out in a place that is fairly less on the order ranking than they would like, there are remarkable opportunities for development with the degree. Those who only own a bachelors degree may find they can only go so far in the corporate world, even if their skills and employment conduct are past reproach. With an MBA, the opportunities are practically endless, and graduate students can even assume the grapheme of head economic officer with good job performance.Pursuing a MBA will also assist me with developing the understanding and meaning of decision-making skills including communication, promotion, tactical preparation, financing, and management abilities. While there are many other participation programs existing by universities, the MBA degree is rivaled for its capability to increase excellent common business skills in students. Students find the MBA degree a smart option because they can go after a wide range of positions, ag gressive salaries, and almost limitless opportunities for improvement. These are just a few of the rewards that having an MBA degree can provide.Having an MBA can help increase my knowledge and awareness of the importance of human resources in a company from retention, hiring and firing, employee benefits, compensation, payroll, business ethics and etcIt can also help those who have an entrepreneur mind set to further their know-how as to getting started on their business adventure. I am very excited to pursue my MBA and hope that it will give me a great advantage and opportunity over others. I am a strong, rational and dominant person and I hope to become a great manager and leading example in my industry. And I want to gain my full potential with my education as I possibly can.

John Donnes’ “A Valediction: Forbidden Mourning” Essay

In the poem A Valediction Forbidding Mourning, by behind Donne, the speaker system is consoling his bangr who is mournful of the speakers imminent departure. The speaker is saying that since they have stronger than ordinary contend for one another, their pick out entrust endure the withdrawal. Donne uses meta natural conceits and comparative imagery to illustrate the crux of the poem. The speaker is reassuring his distinguishr by reminding her of how great their love is it transcends the physical and therefore get out overcome whatever obstacle is set on their path. He is forbidding his lover to mourn his departure.In the first half of the poem the speaker contrasts their love between that of spiritual and material objects the inferior actions of the earth comp atomic number 18d to those of the heavenly spheres (11). He is trying to prove to his lover how their love is not of the ordinary kind it is much than simple affection. He comp ares their love to that of pure gold sa ying let us melt, and make no noise (5). Pure gold, when melted, does not spatter, it melts down smoothly. thence he is saying that if there love was gold it would make no noise for their love is that of the purest kind. The speaker then says that earthly things bring harm and fears (9) but since their love is above earthly publications, they should consequently not be afraid of parting. The speaker feels that there should be no grieving and exaggerates his lovers anguish, telling her there should be no tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests (6).The narrator talks of dull sublunary loverswhose souls are sense (13/14) these lesser play offs love is based upon the five senses. He is saying that love cannot be simply based upon these senses, which are purely physical. Love has to transcend the physical to be pure and their love does. The speakers tone then turns comforting by saying that they both know that their love is more than physical therefore they should be at ease. A physical inter val is ensuing but not an emotional one their love willing endure. He describes their cardinal soulswhich are one (21).He says that their separation will not be a breach but an expansion (24) of their love their souls are united and cannot be separated by whatever forces shall come in their way. He continues to develop the image between their love and pure gold by saying that through this separation their souls will simply spreadapart to aery thinness (24) but never separate (as does pure gold when flattened).Donne compares the couple to a geometrical compass, a metaphor which carries twain significant meanings. The first being the idea of a compass being two separate entities, two feet, which are attached but not always together. He says that the compass is them, separate beings but windlessness united as one, by their soul. One groundwork of the compass will stay as the other moves around and away, and the stationary foot hearkens after it (31) but is unable join the other. T he speaker is making the purpose that not matter how far one of them may travel they will always complete the circle and eventually return to the beginning. The compass also portrays their love as a circle. A circle is an image of perfection never ending and continuing for eternity as is their love. The speaker is saying that no matter how far apart they may travel they will always come back to one another. He may travel far but he will draw his circle just, and end, where he began (36).The speaker described before how their love transcends the physical, it is deeper than sex and arousal of the senses. In the final stanzas though, the speaker addresses all the factors of any healthy relationship. The speaker says that his compass foot, as it draws nearer home, grows erect (32), an allusion to the sexual component of their relationship. Despite the awesome power of an emotionally based relationship there is still a strong a physical aspect. He misses her with his soul but also physi cally yearns for her.This poem is written to comfort a lover. Donne opens with comparative images of the physical and earthly, saying that the sentiment between the two lovers is more than earthly love. He then uses metaphysical conceits, comparisons of unrelated objectsthe physical and the spiritualto further emphasize his point. The two compasses, no matter how far apart they travel will always return to the other. If one is truly in love then physical separation does not matter if anything it will only strengthen the union. The feelings between the speaker and his lover are greater than common love, therefore they can endure the separation the speakers departure should notbe mourned.

Gender Discrimination in the Workforce

Although there shake up been decades of hard won civil rights gains for women, we do not yet live in a gender blind society. Sexism perpetuates a cycle of unfulfilled aspirations among women. Public policies are being scrutinized under ever so stricter legal microscopes, and an atmosphere of unease about the future pervades our national consciousness a future beset with economic challenges from abroad, technological innovation at home, a demographic revolution in our workforce, and a re-stratification of society. Restrictions on womens access to and participation in the workforce include the w get on gap and the glass roof.We allow for discuss the following laws that have helped women subscribe to important strides in the workforce, cracking (but not breaking) the glass ceiling so they could climb up the corporate rivulet the 1963 touch on invent enactment, Title VII of the 1964 urbane Rights doing, Executive ranks 11246/11375, the 1968 Age Discrimination in Employmen t Act, and the 1978 Pregnancy Discrimination Act. In addition, we pass on put forward reasons for the continuing network difference against fe potents, a recent case study of pervasive gender discrimination toping in a 152. 5 million dollar ettlement by one well known employer who was sued, and steps women so-and-so contain to continue making strides toward an be opportunity workforce. Legislation requiring catch pay for women was send-off introduced in 1945 in acknowledgement of womens war work. Business owners and sweat organizations succeeded in thwarting the effort, in part because of the perceived need for women to leave the promote force to create vacancies for returning servicemen. By the end of the 1950s, policymakers were becoming concerned about in decent use of womanpower.In 1963, sexual congress passed the Equal Pay Act as an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to require employers to pay equal wages to men and women doing equal work on jobswhic h require equal skill, effort, and responsibility, and are performed under mistakable working conditions. The Equal Pay Act was the first federal effort to bar discrimination by private employers on the basis of gender. The Equal Pay Act has limitations in its enforcement of protecting women for full-time, yr- round workers, the 2009 American Community Survey median allowance for women were 78. 2 ercent of mens earnings $35,549 compared with $45,485. Furthermore, womens earnings were lower than mens in all of the 50 solid grounds. One year after passing the Equal Pay Act, Congress passed the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which make it wrong to discriminate based on a persons race, religion, color, or sex. Title VII attacks sex discrimination more broadly than the Equal Pay Act extending not only to wages but to compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment.Thus with the Equal Pay Act and Title VII, an employer cannot deny women equal pay for equal work, deny women tra nsfers, romotions, or wage increases, manipulate job evaluations to regulate womens pay, or intentionally segregate men and women into jobs according to their gender. In 1971 reed v. Reed became the first case that the Supreme butterfly would uphold Title VII to, thus protecting women from sex discrimination. One year following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson issued Executive Order 11246 as a directive as to how the act should be interpreted and followed. Executive Order 11246 prohibited common and government sector employers from iscriminating based on race, color, religion, or national origin, but not sex. Executive Order 11246 was amended by Executive Order 11375 on October 13, 1967 after sexual harassment became an issue. Sex would now be included as a category that could not be discriminated against by an employer. Executive Order 11375 meant to en for sure that women would not be exploited sexually to advance their careers. Women wer e to now be protected in the workplace from supervisors and coworkers who did not take into consideration the fancy of personal space or offensive language and conduct.Legal regulations now banned these behaviors and legal action could be taken if they did occur. Executive Order 11375 meant women should no yearlong have to worry about being discriminated against in the workplace in terms of being hired or released. Executive Order 11375 meant that Affirmative work on (of Executive Order 11246) now applied to women as well. Affirmative Action is an organizations active effort to find opportunities to hire or parent people in a particular group (in this instance, women). Affirmative Action ends moldiness consist of an equal opportunity policy statement, an analysis of he flowing work force, identification of underrepresented areas, the establishment of reasonable, flexible goals and timetables for increasing employment opportunities, specific action-oriented programs to address problem areas, support for community action programs, and the establishment of an internal canvas and account system. Contractors receiving more than $10,000 from the federal government must take affirmative action, and those exceeding $50,000 must develop a written affirmative action plan for each of their establishments. The plan must be in place within 120 days of the beginning of the contract.Employers whose contracts meet minimum size requirements must move in affirmative action to ensure against discrimination. Employers must consider all qualified individuals for employment, must choose without regard to gender (now a protected category), and must engage in outreach to encourage the broadest possible group of qualified individuals to enter the supply or applier pool. In 1967 Congress passed the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. The ADEA branches from the debate on Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination on the asis of race, color, nat ional origin, or sex, but not age. President Lyndon Johnson strongly believed that age was a growing issue among Americans. This law prohibits discrimination of men and women employees over the age of 40 and forbids companies to base employment decisions solely on an applicants age. The Equal hazard Commission enforces this act but there are still many complaints filed yearly from workers who are experiencing discrimination because of their age. For many years, antique workers have felt that they are losing out to their younger coworkers.The Age Discrimination in Employment Act attempts to eliminate the gap between younger and old(a) employees. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act applies to businesses with 15 or more employees working 20 or more weeks per year including employees in state and local government, federal government, employment agencies, and labor organizations. The ADEA helps protect unlawful discrimination of older individuals that can occur when applying or interviewing for jobs. The Age Discrimination Act protects employees by prohibiting employers to include age preferences or limitations in job applications and advertisements.Under the ADEA it is not expressly forbidden to ask an applicants age, but it is closely examined to make sure the query was made for a legitimate purpose. Despite the Age Discrimination Act, The Supreme Court recently changed what qualifies as successfully proven age discrimination. Companies serve up with multiple reasons why an employee is terminated without mentioning age, when in actuality the employees age is the only factor. Seniors are a growing population and many are cookery to work past their retirement age. Discrimination against age is not only affecting individual employees but ociety as a whole. An employee now has to prove that their age was the sole reason for their employers actions, therefore older workers can barely fight or prosecute age discrimination. In 2007, 60-year-old Oklahoma City teacher Judy Jones filed an age discrimination suit against the superintendant who eliminated her teaching position and reassigned her to an office job as a principal. Judys salary decreased and benefits were affected during her second year as principal, while school directors and the superintendant himself frequently commented on Judys age and retirement plans.The district court rejected her claim because she could not show sufficient evidence that her age was the sole reason for her moved position and reduced pay. There have been successful outcomes to Age Discrimination lawsuits as the U. S. Equal Opportunity Commission recently charged two companies with age discrimination. A 70-year- old pharmacist at the Honolulu Kmart was awarded $120,000 after higher management habitually commented on, and wrote about, her senile age, causing her humiliation and compelling her to retire. In an opposite case, a 75-year-old qualified receptionist was fired based on ge after her second day a t work at Red Rock Western Jeep Tours Inc. She filed a lawsuit and it was settled in a $35,000 payout. The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 defines discrimination on the basis of pregnancy and childbirth or any other form of illegal sex discrimination. This act is meant to ensure that no woman will be subject to non-hire by an employer due to pregnancy. She is to be treated the like as any other individual and is to be guaranteed benefits and accommodations based on the same policies and procedures as any other employee with a disability.Pregnancy discrimination occurs when expectant mothers are fired, not hired, or otherwise discriminated against due to their pregnancy or intention to travel with child(predicate). Common forms of pregnancy discrimination include not being hired due to visible pregnancy or likelihood of becoming pregnant, being fired after informing an employer of ones pregnancy, being fired during maternity leave, and receiving a pay dock due to ones pregna ncy. In 1978, the U. S. Congress passed the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, an amendment to the sex discrimination section of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Pregnancy DiscriminationAct states that discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions constitutes unlawful sex discrimination under Title VII. This clause covers employers with 15 or more employees, including state and local governments. Title VII also applies to employment agencies and to labor organizations, as well as to the federal government. Women who are pregnant or affected by pregnancy-related conditions must be treated in the same vogue as other applicants or employees with similar abilities or limitations. An employer may not single out pregnancy related conditions to determine an mployees ability to work. However, if an employer requires its employees to represent a doctors statement concerning their inability to work before granting leave or paying sick benefits, the employer may require employees affected by pregnancy-related conditions to submit such statements. If an employee is temporarily unable to perform her job because of her pregnancy, the employer must treat her the same way as any other temporarily handicapped employee. Pregnant employees must be permitted to work as long as they are able to perform their jobs.If an employee has been absent from work as a result of a pregnancy-related condition nd recovers, her employer may not require her to remain on leave until the babys birth. An employer also may not have a rule that prohibits an employee from returning to work for a predetermined length of time after childbirth. Employers must hold open a position for a woman who has been absent due to pregnancy-related issues for the same length of time jobs are held open for employees on sick or disability leave. Any health policy provided by an employer must cover expenses for pregnancy- related conditions on the same basis as costs for other medical conditions. An employer need ot provide health policy for expenses arising from abortion, except when the life of the mother is endangered. Pregnancy-related expenses should be reimbursed exactly as those incurred for other medical conditions, whether payment is on a fixed basis or a percentage of a specific amount. The amounts payable by the insurance provider can be limited only to the same extent of amounts payable for other conditions. No additional, increased, or larger deductible can be imposed. Employers must provide the same level of health benefits for spouses of distaff employees as they do for spouses of male employees.Pregnancy-related benefits cannot be limited to married employees. Benefits must be provided for pregnancy-related conditions to unmarried women if benefits are provided to employees for other medical conditions. If an employer provides any benefits to workers on leave, the employer must provide the same benefits for those on leave for pregnancy-related c onditions. Employees on leave because of pregnancy-related conditions must be treated the same as other temporarily disabled employees for accumulation and crediting of seniority, vacation calculation, pay increases, and temp disability benefits.A case that was important to the creation of the Pregnancy Discrimination Act was Muller v. Oregon (1908). The Supreme Court upheld a decision limiting women to 10 hour workdays based on the idea that performance of maternal functions made women inherently incapable of the same work that men did. In the 1950s and 1960s, laws in several states prohibited women from working and others banned their hiring for some length of time before and after birth. Reasons for the continuing network discrimination against women include myths about female workers, conscious and unconscious stereotyping and biasing applied by many sportsmanlike en who are desperate to keep their competitive edge over women, and inadequate reporting and dissemination of info rmation pertaining to glass-ceiling issues. The following myths about female employees, despite being disproved, still exist women executives refuse to work long hours or relocate, and many women executives take leave of absences (and that those who go on federally and state protected maternity leave have suddenly lost professional credibility upon becoming pregnant or taking temporary leave). Statistics show women executives work 56 hours per week on average the same as their ale counterparts. Only 14 percent refused to relocate as compared to 20 percent of the men.Only one-third of female executives surveyed had ever taken a leave of absence and 82 percent of these were for maternity leave or other family reasons protected under FMLA. Finally, there can be a twisted perception that women executives lose their professional credibility upon becoming pregnant or taking maternity leave an out of sight, out of mind mantra held by their bosses. Furthermore, a pregnant woman obviously has priorities outside of work and a egotistical mployer may have the unreasonable expectation of work being a sole priority. Research suggests that an underlying cause of the glass ceiling is the perception of many white males that they as a group are losing losing competitive advantage, losing control, and losing opportunity as a direct consequence of inclusion of women. There is also a difference barrier manifested through conscious and unconscious stereotyping and bias. People who do hiring feel most comfortable hiring people who look like them. Recruiters for high-status jobs are predominately white males who then hire other white males from the same socio- conomic status, which helps perpetuate their over-representation in the best jobs. Governmental barriers include the collection and disaggregation of employment related data which make it difficult to ascertain the status of various groups at the managerial level. There also continues to be inadequate reporting and disse mination of information pertaining to glass ceiling issues. Most importantly, there needs to be consistent monitoring and enforcement of laws and policies already on the books. The following case demonstrates how costly illegal gender discrimination can be to employersIn May 2010, a jury in the U. S. District Court for the Southern District of New York awarded a record $250 million in punitive damages to 5,600 female sales employees in a sexual discrimination case after Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (Novartis) took the lawsuit filed against them to court and lost. In July 2010, the parties reached a $152 million settlement agreement of the plaintiffs claims of gender discrimination in the terms and conditions of their employment, including compensation, promotion/promotional opportunities, reviews, and pregnancy leave. The terms of this greement allow for full compensation of motive and current female employees dating from 2002-2010, ensuring that every woman who worked at Novartis over the past 8 years was compensated fairly.As part of the settlement, Novartis must also set down an additional $22. 5 million over the next three years on anti-discrimination policies, programs, and training, as well as on strengthening its employee complaint process. Novartis was logical to increase its Human Resource and Employment Relations staff within nine months of the effective state of the settlement agreement ensuring that there would be ne Employment Relations Investigator for every 1,000 Novartis employees. A Compliance Master would be appointed as an external specialist for the New York Federal Court to monitor Novartiss compliance with the settlement agreements terms and conditions. Steps that women can take to continue making strides toward an equal opportunity workforce are to show themselves as decision makers, risk-takers, and players. Furthermore, a female manager should do her best to remove gender biases from her own business practices by not compa ring her employees to men at the top.In Conclusion, women are just a few steps closer to being looked at as equal to men due to these legal acts. Women now have fewer restrictions and more rights within the workforce. The 1963 Equal Pay Act and 1964 Title VII brought women higher pay and more equal opportunity. Women are now seeing the benefits of Executive Order 11375 which included protection from any sexual harassment. In 1967 the Age Discrimination in Employment Act was put into place to include age from discrimination, and women benefited from the insistence that age should not prevent a capable and qualified person from working.In 1978 the Pregnancy Discrimination Act was implemented so that pregnancy did not determine a womans ability to work it also ensured that she received the same benefits as anyone else with a disability. Furthermore, even today women are fighting to have fair rights within the workplace. Even with the legal clauses, women are faced with stereotypes and glass-ceiling barriers. In order for women to overcome the problems they are tackling, to truly be protected and to have the rights that they deserve, there must be constant reinforcement of the laws that are currently in place.

Management Robert Owen and Richard Branson

Intoduction It is said that management principles can be traced back as far as 5000 years, which has provided considerable amount of time to refine and resurrect these principles into efficient and victorful ideologies. Throughout history, management practise has evolved thanks to a number of pioneers who concur veered away from the norm to revolutionise views on what it means to be a wakeless and efficacious manager. Both Robert Owen and Richard Branson can be seen as frontrunners of their time, performing feats in the realm of management that nobody before them would have d atomic number 18d to have even considered.Robert_Owen? Robert Owen was born in Newtown in Wales, United Kingdom. During his life he managed to improve easily-being, education and rights of the working class. His driving ambition to create a ejaculate apart society made him a successful manufacturer and an strategic pioneer of Modern Management. ?The or so important experiment for the happiness of the human race that has notwithstanding been instituted in any part of the world1 Owen, 1801 started when Robert Owen bought the New Lanark Mills in 1801.Under his management the New Lanark became a model community which was driving towards successfulness and making progress through the new technology. He was considered a kind man, who treated his employees very well. Owen highlighted the importance of education he believed that knowledge is a serviceable skill that could release working class children from hunger and poverty. Thus New Lanark was the basic place in the world that had an Infant School. This allowed parents to keep on working and created the opportunity for wider education provision, including evening classes for workers.He excessively introduced better working conditions for children children under ten were not allowed to work in the village and no children were allowed to work for eight-day than 10 hours a day. Moreover he raised the minimum wage for child labour , raised wages for adults, reduced working hours and provided all the employees with free medical exam care. Robert Owen always kept proper business records these included daily and weekly measurement of productivity, output and stocks. A novel technique was used to control the employees sundry(a) pieces of wood hung beside every worker.Each color indicated the previous days quality of work. Everyone around was able to see this measure of employees performance, this piece of wood works as a good motivator towards quality performance, as masses did not want to be embarrassed by everyone being able to see that they had worked to a poor standard. ? regular though Robert Owen had no formal university education his progressive moral views and entrepreneurial skills made his contribution to the modern management theory inestimable. What ideas individuals may attach to the marches Millennium I know not but I know that society may be formed so as to exist without crime, without poverty , with health greatly improved, with little, if any misery, and with intelligence and happiness increased a hundredfold and no obstacle whatsoever intervenes at this moment except ignorance to prevent such(prenominal) a state of society from becoming universal. 2Owen, 1816 Sir Richard Branson Sir Richard Branson was born in Blackheath, London in 1950.He studied at Stowe school and throughout his childhood struggled with dyslexia, and failed to do well at school, but by the age of 16, after dropping out of school, and a few failed attempts at selling Christmas trees and budgerigars, he had already taken his first steps to becoming a successful pioneer when he launched a magazine called Student 3Ahmed, 2011, which ran articles about prominent politicians, famous rock stars and different celebrities of the time.This cancelled out to just be the start of a successful entrepreneurial career, and he has now founded everlasting(a) Group Ltd. which consists of more than 400 companies, ranging from airlines to mobile call networks, employing over 50,000 people. Having started as a teenager, struggling to find his way into the business world, he is now worth about three billion pounds sterling, and is one of the most outstanding innovators in the world. patronage being renowned for promoting an extremely tranquil working environment, Richard Branson is a follower of F.W. Taylor, who proposed the Scientific Management Theory, which attempts to increase economic efficiency and productivity in the workplace by applying a scientific element to management, and Sir Richard Branson is known to apply some of Taylors Scientific Management theories to his own style. Taylor was also known to reward staff with higher payment establish on results, as an attempt to boost motivation, which Branson has also exercised by paying and rewarding employees based on performance and their ability to show signs of creative thinking. Anon Sir Richard Branson implements a style of a Theory Y manger in Douglas McGregors theory5 McGregor, 1960 which states that there are two types of manager Theory X styled manager- Believes that the average employee dis similars works and only works because they have to earn money, wherefore they need to be threatened with punishments in order to be motivated, and directed strictly, without any room for delegated responsibility.A Theory X styled manager believes that money is most important to the employee. Theory Y styled manager (Sir Richard Branson)- Believes that employees are more motivated when they have more self-control and can apply their own skills and creativity in the workplace. States that most employees want to do well and self-actualisation what motivates them, as oppose to financial gain. Taylor, 2013 Richard Branson believes that by creating a relaxed working environment, and by trusting his managers and employees with responsibility, that his staff will consequently be enjoy their work, work better as a team, and th erefore be more motivated as they will be achieving the Self-Actualisation level and Social level on Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, and therefore enhance the performance of the workforce, and resultantly the performance of Virgin.In the advancement of his management thinking, Virgin Group Ltd created a centralised website which endeavoured to link up all of the Virgin Group companies, and created a central hub, as previously they worked separately, so he therefore attempting to promote teamwork and build human relationships within the firm, allowing employees to communicate and information to be pooled and collected. Comparison and tell amongst Owen and Branson Despite being from entirely different eras, Owen and Branson exude many similar qualities most notably in that they both believe that the key to success lies in the treatment of their employees. Having a personality of caring about people is important. You cant be a good leader unless you generally like people. That is how you bring out the best in them. 7Branson, 2011 It is clear that both men care greatly for their employees Branson gives all employees his personal phone number, so that should they have any problems they can contract him directly, rather than having to go through Human Resources. Many managers would not identify with this and would rather their employees suffer in silence. Branson also claims to attempt to act to as any emails as he can every day, Recalling a time when he was just starting out and needed advice, he tries to respond to as many reader emails as he can. 8 . Branson, 2011 Branson claims People dont leave their jobs through lack of pay they leave because they arent valued. Many companies leave people in boxes encourage them to be adaptable and innovative. 9 Branson, 2011 Owen exhibited his consideration for his employees in a very different way, but with the same aim of achieving employee happiness.Having to work in a grocery shop himself from the age of 8, Owen realised the harm of child labour and seeked to stop it in his later life. In 1815 he persuaded supporters in parliament to put forward a bill on child labour. While this bill did not have as much success as Owen hoped, as many mill owners fought against the proposition, Owen was an instigator in improving the lives of child workers. He also improved welfare standards for older workers, shortening working hours and increasing wages. octette hours daily labour is enough for any human being, and under proper arrangements sufficient to afford an ample supply of food, raiment and shelter, or the necessaries and comforts of life, and for the eternal sleep of his time, every person is entitled to education, recreation and sleep. 10Owen, 1833 Branson and Owens methods of achieving employee happiness were highly influenced by the times they were working in. In Owens time, most working conditions were poor and wages were low, so simply by improving these factors employees would instantly be happen happier.In the current day there is a huge range of jobs with all ranges of wages, and many regulations in place to ensure employee welfare. Therefore, to appeal to his employees, Branson realised that a more personal approach was necessary, hence allowing his employees to contact him directly. Companies are a allot larger these days than in the early 19th Century when Owen was working, so being able to have a personal relationship with the head of a company is much rarer in this day and age.Both pioneers identified the most telling way of attaining contentment from their employees in the environment they were living in. Both Branson and Owen were pioneers of their time, achieving what many believed impossible. Despite leaving school at the age of 16 and being diagnosed with Dyslexia, Branson has risen above the odds and is responsible for starting over 400 companies, most famous for establishing Virgin, which ranges from record shops to airlines.No other manager in history has b een at the helm of such a large business empire, and before Branson, it is doubtable that anyone would have thought it possible. Owen, on the other hand, was more of a pioneer in the domain of welfare than the extensiveness of his company, providing above and beyond what would be expected of a manager of his time, from nurseries to children to evening classes for adults. While, at the time, most managers would see these initiatives as an unnecessary expense, Owens cotton mills became very successful businesses with healthy, content employees.Quite possibly, were it not for Owen identifying how much success can come to a manager who treats his employees well, Branson may not have realised the importance of having such good relationships with his employees which could be seen as the key to his success. One of the main contrasts between Richard Branson and Robert Owen are their views on education. Owen believed that education was one of the most important factors in a company the bette r the education of the employees, the better employees they are. To train and educate the travel generation will at all times be the first object of society, to which every other will be subordinate. 11Owen, 1826 Owen provided schooling for employees and their children, putt childrens education ahead of their contribution to his company. Branson, on the other hand left school himself at 16 and hasnt looked back. Richard Branson, founder and chairman of London-based Virgin Group, didnt breeze through school. In fact, school was something of a nightmare for him. His scores on standardized tests were dismal, initially pointing to a similar future.Despite the difficulties and challenges posed by his acknowledged dyslexia, his gifted interpersonal and business talents drove him to succeed. 12Anon In contrast to Owens beliefs, Branson is proof that education is not necessarily an important factor in success. Furthermore, Richard Branson believes that work should not be a chore and should be fun. You want to have fun at home why shouldnt you have fun at work13Branson, 2011. Owen also considered leisure and recreation important. He arranged concerts and dancing evenings for the benefit of community.However, even though both pioneers think of fun as an important part of working life, Robert Owen used a stricter approach to management and was a strong believer in discipline, for example by keeping track of employees doings by the aforementioned multicolored pieces of wood and disciplining those who repeatedly showed low performance. To conclude, Branson and Owen are and were strong pioneers of their time, who shared many values. Managers could learn ample from both men, especially when it comes to employee relationships.In general, it is congenital that modern day managers consider how successful pioneers such as Owen and Branson apply and practise management theory, as it shows the outcome of different particular methods and techniques, in this pairs reference high levels of success. For example, Douglas McGregor stated that he believed that a Theory Y manager would be more successful at motivating their employees than a Theory X, and Sir Richard Branson was around certainly a Theory Y manager, so a modern manager can consider whether the method that pioneer practised was positively effective or not.President Gordon B. Hinckley taught It is good to look to the past to gain appreciation for the present and perspective for the future. It is good to look upon the virtues of those who have gone before, to gain strength for whatever lies ahead. It is good to reflect upon the work of those who laboured so hard and gained so little in this world, but out of whose dreams and early plans, so well nurtured, has come a great harvest of which we are the beneficiaries Ensign, 1984. 14

The Killing Lincoln Essay

Mr.. F everyopian Essay Killing capital of Nebraska The novel, Killing Lincoln, and author Bill Reilly have been berated by critics and reviewers due to its historical inaccuracies implanted throughout the read. galore(postnominal) atomic number 18 turned off by the false information given yet at that place are others who enjoy it because it adds a short(p) kick to the book. Am one of those who believe that even though in that location are a plethora of errors in the novel, it is an enjoyable read. The novel is an enjoyable and entertaining read, yet there are a vast number ho do not believe so.Killing Lincoln has been out(p) from one Of the Fords Theatre bookstores while the others still continue to sell it (Horopito). In my opinion, feel that is a little absurd. Reilly states that there were several meetings held in the oval office before the oval office was even constructed. Yes that is preposterous because it was not constructed until the Taft administration, but it is a minor detail. It does not take away from the bigger picture and splendor of why the book was written in the first-class honours degree place.His next mistake was citing that the Ford Theatre was ruin in 1 862 instead of 1861. Does one year make that big of a difference to all those historians out there? The peephole in the state box door was carved by get at Ford, manager of the Fords Theatre, not Booth but by stating that Booth had carved the peephole, it sustains the readers on their toes and more interested. It spices things up. Thats what books are meant to do. Attract and hook readers into the novel. That was Realitys goal.Not to just write another written report book, but to write one that could be informational while entertaining at the same time even though that means making the slightest mistakes to keep it entertaining. Reilly has many people attacking him for his errors. Christian Science Monitors Jackie Hogan ambushes Reilly because she believes that he made Lincol n look wish too good of a person instead of speaking the truth about him to make a good story. She says the book is sensationalists, suggestive, and overly simplistic (Horopito).Oriels purpose of the book was to write a good story and through extrapolating his novel became more compelling. If he were to include all of the facts about Lincoln, his book would be no different than any other novels on Lincoln, Booth and the assassination. I believe Reilly and Martin Dugan did an excellent job paper this novel. Besides the minor inaccuracies, the novel is a very entertaining and an eye opening read. That was their intention when they first started to write the book and that is, in my opinion, what they did.

Freud and Erikson

This first paper is going to be ab verboten a slip study on a 7 year old kid named Gary. Gary is wheelchair reflect and has Muscular Dystrophy and has been home-schooled until now. He seemed to be doing fine in school, only if he has been gross subsequently school and not wanting to go monday mornings. We have to try and figure surface why Gary is skin senses this way. I will be using and comparing Eriksons mental system and Maslows Hierarchy of demand to dissect why the case study subject superpower be acting this way.Eriksons Psychological system is based approximately Freudss Stages of Development, but with further stages and not always based around sex and aggression like Freud uses. Eriksons Theory contains eight stages Trust v. mistrust (birth to two years of age), autonomy v. shame/ doubt (two to four years), initiative v. guilt (four to six years), industry v. inferiority/ diffusion (six to twelve years), identity v. identity confusion (adolescence), intimacy v. isolation (young due date), generatively v. tagnation (middle adulthood), and ego integrity v. despair (late adulthood to death).The first four stages match up pretty well with Freuds Theorys stages, with an surplus four stages about adulthood at the end. Two big things about Eriksons Theory is that achievement builds on previous stages and that failure is cumulative (Morrison, lecture, 2011). I can apply Eriksons Theory to the case study with Gary in a couple of ways. The first observation I can make is that Gary is his change the bed problem.If he hasnt done it in years, why is he doing it now? Gary has probably failed to gain in the autonomy v. shame stage of development. It doesnt say how long Gary has been in a wheelchair, but my guess is quite awhile. Even if it was after his toilet training years, he had to re-learn how to go by him egotism when he was given a wheelchair. This might have gone smoothly when he was at home with the sponsor of his loving and supportive parents, but he probably doesnt trust in teachers or back up to help him if he needs it.He feels ashamed of himself for not world able to go cleanly like at home, and these olfactions of shame are causing other problems in school also. This GREATLY affects his self honour levels and disturbs the rest of his school life. Another angle of looking at Garys problems is he isnt succeeding in the industry v. inferiority stage. This stage is about learning in school and communicating and is a very social stage (Morrison, lecture, 2011).SInce Gary is in a wheelchair, he cant participate in regular activities in P.E. classes. He has to have adaptive P. E. based on him not being able to walk. Watching the other kids playing on the basketball courts and playing football and stuff leaves him feeling left out. He isnt building skills for a teamwork mentality like allbody else. He feels left out of the fun and probably puts himself lower than the rest of his peers. This would greatly hurt his self-esteem and competence. This could be an explanation for him crying after school and just not wanting to go Sunday nights.Although Eriksons Psychological Theory can let off Garys problems in terms of missed of problems in developmental stages, Maslow can explain them more generically with his Hierarchy of Needs. Maslows Hierarchy of needs has five stages, starting with the most unmannerly working towards more finite biological and physiological needs (food, water, shelter, warmth), safety needs (protection and security), belonging and bop needs (family, affection, relationships), esteem needs (achievement, status, responsibility), and self- actualization (personal growth) (Morrison, lecture, 2011).Using Maslows hierarchy of needs, I can analyze Gary and determine that it seems as if Gary isnt fulfilling his esteem needs. He seems to have a low self esteem and a low sense of accomplishment. This is probably because he cant do the same P. E. activities as the rest of the ki ds. Just being around a muss of kids that can walk and do things he cant is probably the main reason for his sadness and not wanting to go to school. When he was at home all day, he had his parents to comfort him if he ever had questions about other kids.His parents might have actually over protected him, as in Gary wasnt prepared to go to man school because his parents sheltered him from the truth of the real world and wasnt ready for it. Since Gary is having trouble with his esteem needs, he cannot feel accomplished and move on to his self- actualization needs. He cant grow as a person until the lower level needs are met. There are a lot of theories that people can use when analyzing peoples problems.But looking at Garys problems, Eriksons Psychological Theory and Maslows Hierarchy of Needs were the ones I felt like could explain why Gary is having problems the best. Not every theory is applicable to every situation. These two theories made sense to me and I believe explained hi s problems the best out of all of the theories we have looked at in class. Between the two I used, I believe Eriksons Psychological Theory explains it better than Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, but they both have some candid points in this case study.

Program for Education, Health and Food in Mexico Essay

The United Nations formulated global tar ranges to be deliver the goods by whole nations which atomic number 18 referred to as millennium suppuration goals (MDGs), which need to be met by 2015. This is the mental home for the major development agendas set by separate nations in the humans today that all ar ge ard towards these goals. For instance these goals includes pauperization and hunger reduction, universal primitive teaching, equitable access to all levels of bringing up and a reduction in maternal and tiddler mortality (Behrman Sengupta, 2001, p. 45).Therefore in baseball club these targets to be achieved globally, they ought foremost to be achieved by the several(prenominal) nations as units making the testis. This therefore calls for the commitment of nations geared towards implementing multi sectoral strategies of these individual nations in the whole world to attain these MDGs which bears the common good to the majority. In this connection, Latin America is non an exception to the global programs.In this regard, Latin America established five conditional cash transfers programs aimed at reducing poverty and to augment human capital in form of education, (Cardoso Souza, 2003, p. 23) swell upness and nutrition in rule to contribute to the attainment of the United Nations development targets set by the year 2015 in the globe (Coady Parker, 2004, p. 178). These programs include Bolsa Escola program (which provides school yields), Programme for the Eradication of Child Labour in Brazil, the Families in execute program in Colombia, the Social Protection Network in Nicaragua, and Oportunidades program in Mexico.However this frontier paper shall give focus to the Oportunidades program in Mexico (Cardoso Souza, 2003, p. 63). Concepts of Conditional cash transfers The concepts of CCT (Conditional cash transfers) are new-fashioned development programs adapted by nations as a result of global development challenges. The barbel of CCTs are adapted with an aim to foster human capital accumulation among the young generation in order to break inter-generational vicious poverty cycle in the modern generation (ECLAC, 2002, p. 82), so that tomorrow world can have a poverty free generation with write outd friendly crisis.Therefore CCTs involves providing and availing cash to poor families conditional upon investments in human capital such educating children, upward(a) the health through creating health centrers close to the people and nutritional aspect (Coady Parker, 2004, p. 23). This is done through the use of the demand-side interventions to support directly the beneficiaries as opposed to traditional supply-side mechanisms like provision of general subsidies or investments in health providers of social serve or health facilities and centrers or schools.In this regard therefore Conditional Cash Transfers programs targets at improving childrens human capital. Which is similar to the case of Latin America and M exicos Programa de Educacion, Saludy Alimentacion (PROGRES) (Behrman Sengupta, 2001, p. 131). However in order to analyse the conditional cash transfers, the analysis should be based on the new approach to social protection, that encompasses risk management approach that is aimed at enhancing human capital and defeating poverty in the longer term plans (Attanasio Gomez Heredia Vera-Hernandez, 2005, p. 5).For instance the social risk management strategy indicates that individuals, households and communities are exposed to multiple risks in their environment. and so Poverty translates to greater vulnerability of the poor community, simply because poor people in the community or society usually are limited to access to instruments that are necessary for risk management (Behrman Sengupta, 2001, p. 213). In addition poor sect of society or community are al trends poorly hustling to cope with crises whenever they occur.For example the poor sect would handle a financial crisis using an i nformal mode and approach like taking their children out of school and keeping them at home, which is insufficient approach to crisis management. This way of handling crises results to irreversible loss of human capital and perpetuated intergenerational poverty cycle that becomes hard and difficult to reduce (Cardoso Souza, 2003, p. 141). In this obligingness the social risk management model uses trine functions that are vital for the human beings policies. This includes the legal community, mitigation and coping, which embraces the long term benefits and reduced consequences.Therefore, it ends up helping benefiting people living in geomorphological poverty, people who are just above the poverty line and groups with special needs in the society. Therefore, the CCTs approach is rooted from the concept of social protection as human capital investment that holds that poverty is reproduced across human generations due to a lack of investment in human capital (Behrman Sengupta, 20 01, p. 63). In this respect CCTs approach is more effective than the traditional approach, since it incentivizes this human capital investment by attaching conditions to transfers to produce desire results to the community and world at large.The use of CCTs in education ensures that opportunity cost of education is reduced hence reinforces the income effect of the transfer in such a way that school attendance and child labour is not as a substitute to income effect. This is aided by implementation ordinances such as compulsory attendance of school by children with income substitution to call down its impact. In this case when the children spend more time in school they would not consume as much resources as they would consume when are at home.Hence in terms of conditional cash transfers it implies that,there will be a token(prenominal) transfer amount needed to produce incentives 0 to send children to school (Attanasio Gomez Heredia Vera-Hernandez, 2005, p. 56). Therefore, this ensures that the saved resources are put to development agendas that will enhance wealth creation and more investment realization. The program was raised in the year 1997 by Mexican Federal Governments as a strategy to support rural families in extreme poverty to alleviate from those poor conditions (Cardoso Souza, 2003, p. 39).But the name changed to Oportunidades meaning Opportunities that was extended to urban populations by president shed in the 2001. This program uses the conditional cash transfer concept within Latin America and its practice marks a significant shift in social services provision in Mexico today. The control principles that the program uses to work are targeting, intersectorality, empowerment of women and shared responsibility. The program was created for the purpose of increasing the capabilities of families that live in extreme poverty by investing in human capital in Mexico (Attanasio Gomez Heredia Vera-Hernandez, 2005, p. 42).This goal has three main o bjectives which includes education, health and nutrition. This is because the three part are dependent of each other. For instance, education will enhance technological development in the health and food production sectors to handle diseases and agricultural areas respectively, while education can not continue and progress within the environment that is infested by diseases and poor health as a result of malnutrition. Both components, if they are not balanced, can result to poor productivity in the economy and society.In this connection, the following section shall look at these three components Educational component The payments that concerns educational expenses are made to families with children under the age of 18 who are enrolled in school between the first year of primary education and the third year of secondary school. But in order to create and initiate incentive for families to invest in human capital, payments are conditional to children attending school. In addition, if a child has a non-attendance rate of over 15 percent in one academic month without a valid reason, the family does not receive the assistance that concerns education.By doing so, the government ensures that great emphasis is lay to education and eliminates unnecessary laxity in the implementation process, by involving parent to monitor their children and educationalists to keep updated land which the government uses to allocate payments to parents hence, each stakeholder participates in the process (Calde Coady, 2004, p. 272) . The amount of money that is transferred are set basing on the additional income the children would be fetching to the family if the child would be working and not attending to school.The payment rises with an increase in the age of a child. However, this is schemed higher for female childs at secondary level (ECLAC, 2002, p. 71) . This is to encourage a girl child education like many parts of the world today do. In addition to regulation of the payment, the pay is designed to be inflation concious that prevents falling of value. In general, the grant is dependant on the adjustment and school attendance. While, the grant covers both direct costs required like school fees, school supplies, dit and the opportunity costs as a result of attending school in Mexico (Davis, 2003, p. 30). health component In relation to the health component Oportunidades program invokes the provision of primary health care to all members of the family, this to cultivate an enabling environment for the leaner to able attended to well. The health services are provided at clinics, dispensaries and health centrers which are operated and run by Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Social Security Institute) and the Secretariat of Health (Davis, 2003, p. 128). These grants are targeted to newborn children of more or less 2-3 years of age (ECLAC, 2002, p. 129), hich may continue up to the time the children enrols in primary school level. In addition to the that, pregnant and lactating women are included in the program. This component consists of a cash transfer aimed at health care, nutrition education and food consumption that benefits mothers and children.The transfer is on the basis of compliance by participating household members with a pre-determined number of health centre visits and health and nutrition workshops which are attended, this ensures a full participation in the process and community unity (Gertle, 2000, p. 61). The childrens health care visits are linked to growth monitoring and vaccination protocols that needs to be discovered by mothers. This ensures that, the health standards are maintained by citizen which forms a healthy nation. In addition to that, Health Care visits for pregnant and lactating women ensures appropriate prenatal, childbirth and puerperal care (Calde Coady, 2004, p. 76) through attending clinical check-ups once or twice per year in Mexico.This health component ensures that the societys wel l being is taken into account therefore, this will translate to good education involvement and participatory. Therefore health component indirectly or directly promotes and support education. Nutrition component The grant provided is directed towards providing money to improve food consumption and availability, especially to children below age of 4 months to 2 years (Gertle, 2000, p. 232), ablactate babies and breastfeeding mothers.This package is inclusive of children aged above the age of 2 years to 5 years who are at risk of malnutrition or those who are poorly nourished (ECLAC, 2002, p. 223) in the society. The condition to continue and get the grants is based upon ability to visit the health clinics regularly, in this way, the population continues to be updated on the health prevention and cure methods while the government gets the required statistics that are vital for planning and fighting infections to its citizens.It should be historied that the nutrition and health vouche r as equivalent to the value of the time invested by the mother during the move around and waiting at the health centre to to get health services (Calde Coady, 2004, p. 267). For instance, the statistics indicate that health grant per beneficiary per month was set at the same level as the education transfer of about US$9, which is twice the monthly expenditure per person on health care and medicine costs.