Insurance case studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Insurance case studies - Essay Example I would not approve Mr. Farid’s application for income protection insurance because he already had a heart valve disorder. Considering the nature of his job and the insurance cover he is taking, I would not accept his application because he does not abide by the principle of utmost good faith. Also, Mr. Farid provides information that is not in accordance with his daily tasks. Prudent Insurance Inc. should deny the claim and not pay Mr. Farid. Mr. Farid took advantage of the broker’s lack of knowledge about his job description and the various tasks that he executes. Mr. Farid does not obey the doctrine of utmost good fait, and even says he is a director at general merchandise Selling Company. The policy compensates the insured against accident and illness that makes him or her to terminate work. In the case of Mr. Farid, his condition may have resulted form the fact that his heart valve was already ill at the time he was taking the insurance policy. He did not stop working as a result of the insured risks. The number of activities Mr. Farid submitted, with their corresponding hours are not enough to cause him terminate his job. The principle of utmost good faith requires the insured to disclose all material facts to the insurer or broker. This applies regardless of the fact that the insurer asked specific questions or not. Mr. Green is bound by this doctrine of insurance to have provided all details concerning himself, including a domestic dispute that took place in January 2009. The contract law requires the policyholder to disclose all information particularly that which may affect the decision of the prudent insurer (Skipper & Kwon, 2007). The underwriter would have reconsidered accepting to cover Mr. Green, as well as the amount of premium to charge on the risk (UNLOCK, 2011). Also, the underwriter may rule the contract null and the

Historical events Essay Example for Free

Historical events Essay Depending on the political views of a reporter, columnist, author, or news agency, the facts can be reported in a variety of different ways. This can often cause controversy regarding the truth, as different sources report differing things as being true. This is also true when speaking of historical events, as different people will speak differently of different events, depending on their political affiliation and beliefs. By slating the information in a particular way, the reporter can further his or her own political agenda, by making his or her beliefs seem like the right ones. If a person is a conservative politically, it would not make much sense for him or her to report the news in a manner that would support liberalism and vice versa. This is apparent in the way that Fox News and CNN report the news on a daily bases. There are clearly some political biases that distort the fact, in order to best serve the beliefs held by the people at these agencies. In a historical sense, it would not make much sense for a government to re-tell history in a manner that makes it seem tyrannical or even blood thirsty, so based on these political goals, the government can simply choose to leave certain aspects of history out. This makes it possible for them to manipulate public opinion in the manner that best compliments their objectives. An example of how the manner in which a news story is reported can change the entire event is perceived is a recent story that was picked up by both Fox News and CNN. The story was about a tour that President George W. Bush and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld embarked on in order to increase support for the war in Iraq. While the exact same speech was covered by both news agencies, the information that was passed on to the public was different in each case. Fox News focused on the positives that had been accomplished in Iraq. It started by giving numbers on how many Iraqi soldiers had been trained to fight insurgents in the region. Rumsfeld was quoted as saying that â€Å"95 battalions, 50,000 of the 212,000 Iraqi force, are trained, equipped and in the fight against insurgents† (Baier). Fox also made a point of mentioning how Iraqi forces were taking an increased role in the stabilization of Iraq and they were well on their way to being able to defend their own country. Fox continued on by including Rumsfeld’s quote that withdrawing troops from Iraq would be counter productive to their anti-terror movement and would â€Å"put the United States ‘at still greater risk’† (Baier). Fox News did not forget to mention how George Bush said that he has a strategy for victory, despite the fact that no specific strategy is discussed. Lastly, Fox News included Rumsfeld’s claim that â€Å"most citizens in Iraq are not supporting their (the insurgents’) cause† (Baier). By comparison, CNN took this story in a completely different direction by adding negative views on the war to its coverage. CNN begins by mentioning that the war is becoming â€Å"increasingly unpopular† (Bush: No Iraq Pullout Without Victory) in the United States. CNN continues on with its unflattering views by saying, â€Å"About 159,000 troops are in Iraq, up from about 138,000 in the summer† (Bush: No Iraq Pullout Without Victory). This shows how unsuccessful the Bush administration has been at accomplishing its goal of getting the troops out of Iraq. The CNN articles also reminds the reader that the war began under the assumption that Iraq was in possession of weapons of mass destruction and that despite this claim, no weapons had been found in the country. This is something that the government would desperately like the people to forget, but CNN will not let them. CNN also gives figures on the death toll of American troops in Iraq. This is another soft spot, as those who oppose the war often bring up the fact that many American soldiers have died fighting in a war that has no point. A quick mention is also given of anti-war demonstrators that showed up while Bush was speaking. Fox made no mention of this because it is very anti-Bush. Finally, CNN’s coverage of this story included the opinions of Senator Jack Reed, who is a Democrat from Rhode Island. His opinions are anti-Bush, due to his political affiliation. Reed comments add to the negative picture this article paints of Bush. These two articles cover the exact same thing, but they are obviously spun in very different directions. While some of the same quotes are used in both stories, they are not used in the same manner. Due to their conservative viewpoints, which coincide with the Republican Party’s viewpoints, Fox News focuses on the positives that are coming out of Iraq. Since Fox News is seen as a supporter of the Bush administration, it will slant its stories to paint Bush and his associated in a positive manner. Fox also does not include any opposing statements or differing points of view in its article, which gives the reader the impression that what they are reporting is the only opinion of this subject matter. CNN, on the other hand, is better at exploring both sides of the story. This article is more centerist than anything else, as it presents both sides of the story, although perhaps not equally. CNN says a lot of negative things about the war in Iraq, due to its liberal ideology, but it also does include what Rumsfeld said about certain things. CNN’s coverage does not follow one particular political ideology but can rather be interpreted as anti-conservative which, in turn, makes it anti-Bush. Seeing as how a story that quotes both Bush and Rumsfeld would only give one political view, CNN brought in the help of a Democratic Senator, in order to give a differing ideology on the matter. Both of these networks take the events that occurred, and organize them in a manner that will appeal to their viewers the most, even though both of them leave things out and include outside resources that contribute to their goals. This trend, however, has led to the public becoming â€Å"increasingly cynical toward the news media, as reflected in the slumping credibility ratings for many outlets. More generally, a majority of Americans (53%) agree with the statement ‘I often dont trust what news organizations are saying. ’ And while 43% disagree with that statement, just 9% completely disagree with it† (Attitudes Toward the News: News Audiences Increasingly Politicized). A historical event that that has been changed due to a particular political ideology is the happenings surrounding the Nicaraguan election of 1990. The American government had the ideology that the Sandinistas, who were in power in Nicaragua, were not good for American interests in the region. It was reported in the New York Times just after the election that this was a long overdue victory for the opposition party, as American political ideals did not agree with the Socialist regime in Nicaragua. David Shipler wrote, It is true that partly because of the confrontation with the U. S. , Nicaraguas economy suffered terribly, setting the stage for the widespread public discontent with the Sandinistas reflected in Sundays balloting. But few governments become moderate during a war; the contra war strengthened Sandinista hard-liners and probably contributed to their oppressive policies. The way to resolution opened only when Congress suspended the war, in effect, to give the Sandinistas a chance to proceed democratically. . . . Thus, Nicaraguas election has vindicated Washington’s fledgling program of providing public, above-board funding to help democratic procedures take root in countries with authoritarian regimes. (A. 27) Due to the slant that the American government wanted to put on this situation, they only released certain information to the general public, which gave the public a favorable opinion of how the situation was handled. The American government portrayed Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega as a vicious man who tormented his people for years and only lost the his power when he agreed to a democratic election. In reality, however, Ortega won an election in 1984 by quite a wide margin and had been making strides in Nicaragua, until a group of U. S. backed militants began a war with him and his troops. This is the dominant ideology as well. During this time period, the United States was able to use the fact that the Sandinistas are a left wing party, as the Communist Party in the Soviet Union was, in order to gain support for their actions in Nicaragua. The American government to this day continues to tell the people of the United States that U. S. policy aims to continue supporting the consolidation of the democratic process initiated in Nicaragua with the 1990 election of President Chamorro. The United States has promoted national reconciliation, encouraging Nicaraguans to resolve their problems through dialogue and compromise. It recognizes as legitimate all political forces that abide by the democratic process and eschew violence. U. S. assistance is focused on strengthening democratic institutions, stimulating sustainable economic growth, and supporting the health and basic education sectors. (Background Note: Nicaragua) A differing political view, however, is held by Noam Chomsky. He has reported much different happenings in Nicaragua, due to his political angle being much different than the American government’s and the New York Times’. He has reported that â€Å"Nicaragua was†¦exceptional in the strength of that government’s commitment†¦to improving the condition of the people and encouraging their active participation in the development process† (Chomsky 42) which makes the United States’ goal of keeping the Sandinistas out of power seem odd. The real reason why the American government did not want to have the Sandinistas in power was that they believed in distributing wealth evenly among its population. They had a steal from the rich and give to the poor-type of mentality. This goes against the capitalist society that the United States prides itself on. The American government saw that socialism had the potential to work in Nicaragua and was worried about what kind of message that would send to the rest of the world. As it turns out, reports Chomsky, the American government funded the insurgents that caused so many problems for the Nicaraguan government while they were in power. They were provided with American weapons and resources, in order to make the people of Nicaragua believe that the government was not in control of things, in order to make them vote for someone one. None of these things were reported very regularly in American newspapers because of political views and they have changed the way this entire situation has been viewed in history. Throughout history, politics have played a huge role in the way news is reported. The political ideologies held by an individual or agency can impact the story that the public hears. Many times, different agencies will report on the exact same story, but with different results. Other times, the real story does not make it to the mainstream media, but rather comes out later in books and journals. These political views change the way things are reported and also the way things are remembered in the future. It is entirely possible to have your entire memory of an event molded by the network you switched to in order to watch the coverage. Past, present, and future events have all been manipulated by media and this trend will continue because there will always be political bias. Because of this, it is important to get news from as many sources as possible, and make an educated decision on what the real truth is.

The Dynamics of Marxism Essay -- essays research papers

The Dynamics of Marxism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Human relationships have always been dynamic. Change and adaptability have gone hand in hand with the passing of time for human society. Karl Marx’s views on Industrialization and the bourgeoisie had a major impact on how we view our industrial alignment today. Marx and Engel’s The Communist Manifesto gives broad views on the subject of the middle class and how they fit into a society that was ruled by feudalism and aristocracy. Capitalism becomes a major topic in a socialist-based society that underwent many changes as industrialization progressed. A government must be dynamic in its nature reflecting the change in society. At times aristocracy has refused to allow society to adapt to the changes that the bourgeoisie have gone through. Charles Dickens’ â€Å"Hard Times† offers a distinct view of the conditions of middle-class worker during this period of change. Revolution of the working man is discussed and many principles are brought out to dictate the way that many of these workers were treated during this time. Karl Marx’s theory of economic evolution addresses some of these points that are brought out in â€Å"Hard Times.† Marxism and economic theory of Marxism was formulated in the 19th century. Karl Marx is said to be the greatest thinker and philosopher of his time. His views on life and the social structure of his time revolutionized the way in that people think of socialism. He created an opportunity for the lower class to rise above the aristocrats, but failed due to the creation of the middle class. Despite this failure, he was still a great political leader and set the basis of Communism in Russia. His life contributed to the way people think today, and because of him people are more open to suggestion and are quicker to create ideas on political issues. Marx is unique from other philosophers in that he chooses to regard man as a human being, not a piece of meat. He believed that a man’s struggle comes from man’s awareness of himself as an individual and as something separate from nature. He sees that history is just the story of man creating and re-creating himself, and that a â€Å"god† has no part in it. This is a major reason why he left his C hristian background behind and converted to Communism. Marx also says that the more a man works, the less he has for himself. These views support his arguments... ...lutionized a nation with his in-depth analysis of a society that was having industrial success, but being torn apart socially at the same time. He did not want industrialization to go he wanted the socialist to wise up with their thinking. His impact on England shows, but he also had impact on other countries. His views carried over into other powerful countries such as the Soviet Union and China. If it were not for Marx, the then Soviet Union and China would not be the same as they are today. They would positively be operating through a different government today. Karl Marx is considered to be a revolutionist of England and the father of Communism. Some may question his views and possibly his religious beliefs, but he can still be labeled a revolutionist. â€Å"In these troubled times, to believe in the possibility of helping to make the world a better place, and to commit ones life to that, makes one a revolutionary (Le Blanc 44).† Karl Marx exemplifies many of the quali ties that we have found in many revolutionists that have changed the world that we live in today. His views are still cherished by many European minds and taken heed when creating structure in society.

Mass Communication Comparative Analysis Essay

1. Introduction I believe that the purpose of my media audit was to take our initial idea of what we believed our media usage was and to measure and compare it to our actual quantified results. I believe this was excellent exercise to carry out in order to observe how much Media affects our everyday lives. Our society in America bases a large part of our adolescent learning process on what we acquire from outside sources. Therefore, to analyze, where the basis of many of adolescents’ perspectives derive from, was exceptionally insightful. Adolescents are bombarded daily by youth issues, such as: staying adhered to their morals, developing their character, self-image, self-respect, fitting in, feeling love, and avoiding brutality. Are these dilemmas not enough? The fact that mass media completely plays off human’s insecurities, in order to make a few extra dollars, baffles me. Although, we’re college students and have developed quite a bit since these problems were momentous, I still believe we are constantly facing struggles related to these. Therefore, the purpose of an experiment that monitored our time relating to each category of typically negative influences is immeasurable. People don’t take into account the importance of gaining knowledge for themselves. Considering the little girl at the beginning of My Media Audit who cared enough about the source of the â€Å"sea monster† and bubbling lake. She needed to gain the understanding of this monster came to be, and why her whole life she has heard rumors of death, yet never had any solid examples. This personal knowledge relates to our society’s topic of culturally transmitted knowledge. Strengths of culturally transmitted knowledge include: reserved knowledge, handed down to future generations, can become institutionalized, doesn’t have to be reinvented. However, the weaknesses of culturally transmitted knowledge, involve important points as well. Secondhand knowledge can be wrong; It is difficult to correct once it has been established, and it can be manipulating. Furthermore, mass media uses America’s culturally transmitted knowledge to sell their products. Anything looks appealing when you are only viewing it from its â€Å"good side.† Because people haven’t really bothered to investigate advertisers’ motives, or worse, actually enjoy the hype, mass media continues to flourish effortlessly, using naà ¯ve individuals, as its victims of prey. I believe the positive influence that My Media Audit will continue to have on its students, will make a difference. As students begin to constantly think critically and question, the intention of â€Å"The NEW Ipad!† and its employers, controversy will stir up debate. People will hopefully be more aware of when they’re being manipulated and â€Å"convinced† one way is the only way. Just as the girl who thought critically, instead of believing the town’s established idea, I am striving to inspire students and people to fight against the established idea of mass media influencing our every thought. The town was motivated by her bravery, which in turn. Changed people’s beliefs, and eventually, led a revolution. 2. Empirical Data  Objective: To measure the causes and effects due to the influence of mass media. Can mass media highly influence a persons attitudes or perception, by abundant daily solicited or unsolicited exposure? Procedure: Measuring media exposure, within a week span of 15-minute intervals. With sixteen hours equaling one day, I summarized the total minutes for the week at approximately 6,720 minutes. My total minutes not exposed to media were about 1,407 minutes, and my total exposure to mass media was approximately 5,1313 minutes. Individual categories concluded as follows: Audio estimated at 475 minutes, Film- 100 minutes, Internet- 1,778 min, Television- 0 minutes, Mobile Devices- 2,185 minutes, and Print Media approximated 775 minutes. Subjective observations were also incorporated, to measure external factors, and their influence on the subjects’ reaction in relation to media use. Main Outcome Measures: Risk of altered perception, influenced by, attitudes and b ehaviors idolized in society and the amount of exposure weekly. Also, coinciding with any external factors that proved as significant during this study. Results: Media Usage Total (min) I was thoroughly surprised by the way my media usage was dispersed, as a whole, in this graph. Considering, all of my class work is done online and I’m definitely a supporter of online radio, It doesn’t necessarily shock me that the internet has 34% of my time. However, I was a little taken back by the percentage of my mobile devices consumption. The mobile devices category dominated my time by 37%. I didn’t realize how much I used my Ipod and smartphone. Although, recollecting my thoughts, the old basic flip phones, which used to be â€Å"all the rage,† now compared to a Smartphone, it’s no contest. Having Internet access at your fingertips is an advertiser’s gold mine. Smartphone V.S IPOD Even though, the category â€Å"Mobile Devices† had the highest usage, I found it informative to see how much more my Smartphone was used than my IPOD. Obviously, our culture is driving full speed ahead, towards a â€Å"technology only† civilization. INTERNET USAGE: PANDORA V.S USF.EDU Considering, I have a full load of classes this semester, most of my time, in general, is spent either online researching a project, or actually doing the assignment. Yet, when I’m not online completing a task, I like to fill the time developing my talent, which is art. The catch is, whenever I’m developing an art piece, I have to be listening to music, hence Pandora. The reason why Pandora is so successful in mass media is because people get to listen to their type of music without having to tell the radio WHAT to play. Pandora has a search box, that isn’t case specific, artist, genre, or mood, you name it and it plays it. What person wouldn’t want a radio stationed to just them subjectively? Like we learned in our Radio module, â€Å" The Radio was a life-changing invention, Idealism & Imagination, Greed & Envy, Ambition & Determination, what other instrument was able to create emotions through sound waves?† –Empire of the Air BOOKS GALORE I found this graph about print media being all books, and no magazines, extremely intriguing. Taking into account, from the age of 16 till the end of my 21st year, I was a Cosmopolitan JUNKIE. I literally bought the newest edition monthly, the second it was released. Coinciding with this behavior and influence, I also became extremely self-conscious and began to hate my self-image, this coming from someone, who has never had severe issues about my image. I also judged every person’s appearance effortlessly, gossiped, and my language was atrocious. Only until the middle of my 22nd year, did I realize that I was not content, nor satisfied with my lifestyle. I decided to cut out television, bad influences, and COSMO. I didn’t think I would be able to handle it, however, to my surprise, it taught me how to live life, the way it was intended, with freedom. Releasing myself from the burden of mass media was one of the most liberating decisions I’ve ever made. I decided to return back to my Jewish roots, which I ignored during that rebellious era, and become deeper aquatinted with my faith, additionally instead of useless reality shows, I dove deep into the profound knowledge of books. It is amazing to witness your character development transform when it relies on a stable foundation. â€Å"I find television very educating. Every time somebody turns on the set, I go into the other room and read a book.† ― Groucho Marx 3. Observations The first major observation I noticed in relation to my media data was the fact that my two most dominant categories increased on the weekend. This is most likely because my workweek is so hectic, that by the time I’m approaching the weekend, all my energy is geared towards relaxation. These emotions are then replaced with the action of increasing my phone/ casual conversation time. I also tend to research all those topics online, that I might have put off during the week, in order to complete my work on time. Another observation that was extremely consistent included listening to Pandora (Internet radio) whenever I worked on my art. In contrast, I would listen to my IPOD whenever I wanted to get schoolwork accomplished. On Pandora, my typical station I listen to when creating my art pieces, is always geared towards inspirational or spiritual genre. It is the only music I find, to empower me with such motivation, in order to finish my pieces with ease and in a timely manner. I also tend to listen to classical music on my IPOD, when trying to complete a class work assignment. I read an article one time that did a study on the brain and how it affects positive stimulation. The article was extremely informative and I have done it ever since. Another observation I realized, I tried to double task consistently while listening to some form of media and trying to complete concrete tasks. I believe this behavior has done more to hinder my personal effectiveness, rather than help it. It was helpful to be informed of this destructive behavior, after realizing the concrete facts. My double tasking always eventually lead to unfinished tasks, and then when I eventually became overwhelmed, I grabbed my IPOD and pulled out the classical music. It was interesting to become aware of these behaviors; I never knew I was such a creature of habit. Also, reflecting on all the realizations mentioned above, I believe that some of these destructive behaviors could be prevented, with a decrease in use of my media items, which in turn, would increase my focus. 4.Estimates Vs. Actual My Estimates were all underestimated compared to my actual data for my media usage. Like I previously stated, I didn’t realize I used my phone so much, I usually get confronted by my friends for â€Å"forgetting† to text them back, or not answering. Sometimes I feel like life would be much easier without our mobile devices. The only truly useful purpose is to locate and converse with friends that are long distance, however as far as â€Å"Smartphone,† I feel the epidemic needs to be cured. The other estimate that highly underestimated was my Internet use. I believe when I was filling those questions out, I didn’t necessarily take into account that EVERY time I click the APP button, that is using an internet resource. I guess this is a perfect example of how abundantly society has desensitized, since the Windows 98’ debut. I also believe the reason I anticipated my â€Å"No Media use† to be my highest value in how I disperse my time, is due to my deliberation to rebel against any more media influences. I refuse to passively let society manipulate my thoughts, with the slightest opposition. I thoroughly enjoyed reading the article about students and time management. This article served as a source of great insight because time management is one of my biggest character flaws. However, this is not due to the fact that I am not eager to do well on an assignment, I love learning, this type of procrastination is detrimental because it is attached to another flaw, perfectionism. Typically I procrastinate because I’m afraid the product of my hard work would not be â€Å"perfect.† I was raised with a very high academic work ethic, therefore, grades used to be where I found my id entity. This continually puts way too much stress on my life, and as I mature not just as a student, but also as a responsible adult, I’m drastically striving to improve this destructive outlook. A novel study done by Trueman & Hartley (1996), focused on time-management skills and their relationship to a student’s age with the older mature students making the greatest use of time-management strategies. I also am striving to improve my organizational skills, this tends to be because, my highly creative brain, has so many ideas floating and bouncing and developing in my mind, that it becomes highly difficult to place all of them in a specific order. I also am trying to maintain control of my sporadic ideas and plan more situations out, instead of flying by the seat of my pants. Their results suggest that student planning is Integral to the prevention of academic procrastination. A student’s ability to plan is but one skillamong several for student self-management, the training of which is studied by Gerhardt (2007). 5. Summary Thomas Ruggiero’s Uses and Gratification Theory focused on this central definition- Media Use among audience members is selective and motivated by rational self-awareness of an individuals own needs and expectation that those needs will be satisfied by particular media types and content. I believe that this is highly accurate. When I had my life centered on a particular type of media, Cosmopolitan, I became dependent on it. Not just as a main source of entertainment, but also for the basis of how I perceived and looked at all subjects. â€Å"If that girl wears that shirt one more time, I’m calling the fashion police!.† – A little juvenile, I know, however that was how my thought process was developing. Now when I look back, I can’t even believe that I cared so much about what people wore? Does it honestly matter how many times a person wears a shirt? Our culture is shoving these ideals down our throat in order to instill the thought that every person has to strive to be â€Å"PERFECT.† Who even said beautiful is perfect? What if I believe imperfection is beautiful? These realizations in this past year of my life have shaped my thoughts to maturity and to become more concerned with what comes from each individuals heart. If you ask me, I believe actions speak louder than words, and gossip, slander, lying, and boasting echo across the nations. I do my best to separate myself from any person or organization that is trying to convince I HAVE to look like a prototype and think like a r obot. All in all, I fell my media audit was extremely insightful, and helped me become aware of how I truly engulf my time. It showed me where I have plenty of room to improve and how far I’ve come since the Cosmo days. The purpose of My Media Audit was to gain sincere and profound insight into the world of media influences. Media has a manipulative way of altering humanity’s view towards the accepted medium. Typically, our normal endeavors are beings striving toward acquiring the â€Å"latest technology,† yet society never stops to consider â€Å"Why do I NEED this so badly?† This is where our mass media influences, come into play. The intent of this audit was simply to gain understanding and to think critically when facing the culture’s constant barrage of â€Å"satisfactions.† Understanding is Power, to gain Wisdom is everything.

Fallacy and Mutual-fund Guru Peter

Angel Allen Professor Needle November 25, 2012 Chapter 8 Exercise 2 For each of the following items, write one paragraph identifying the logical flaw. a. The election couldn’t have been fair- I don’t know anyone who voted for the winner. The fact that no one you know voted for the winner does not mean that the election as unfair. –Argument of ignorance a. It would be wrong to prosecute Allied for age discrimination; allied has always been a great corporate neighbor. The fact that allied has always been a great corporate neighbor, it is not wrong to prosecute him for age discrimination if in fact it is true. – Appeal to pity b.The decrease in smoking can be attributed to increased restrictions on smoking in public. Although smoking has decreased you should not conclude that the result of smoking in public restrictions was the cause of the decrease. – Post hoc reasoning c. Bill Jensen’s proposal to create an on-site day-care center is just the latest of his harebrained ideas. The fact that Bill Jensen proposes to create an on-site-day-care center does not mind that the idea is unwise. – Ad hominem argument d. Since the introduction of cola drinks at the start of the twentieth century, cancer has become the second- greatest killer in the United States.Cola drinks should be outlawed. Before reaching valid conclusions, you would have to study a much larger sample to compare causes of cancer and that in fact cola drinks is the cause of cancer. This will be a Hasty Generalization. – Hasty generalization e. If mutual-fund guru Peter Lynch recommends this investment, I think we ought to buy it. Even if mutual-fund guru Peter Lynch recommends this investment, it is not wise to buy it unless you have done your own research. – Argument of authority f. We should not go into the flash-memory market; we have always been a leading manufacturer of DRAM.The fact that you have always been a leading manufacturer of DRA M is not in itself a good reason to retain from the Flash-memory market. – Appeal to pity g. The other two hospitals in the city have implemented computerized patient record keeping; I think we need to do so, too. The fact that the other hospitals implemented computerized patient record keeping is not in itself an argument that we should get one, too. – Ad populum argument h. Our Model X500 didn’t succeed because we failed to sell a sufficient number of units.Before reaching any valid conclusions, you would have try more strategies on selling your Model X500, maybe other factors could’ve been a reason why your sales were not successful. – Oversimplifying i. No research has ever established that Internet businesses can earn money; they will never succeed. The fact that research has never been established that Internet businesses can earn money does not necessarily mean that the Internet business will not succeed. Perhaps the statistics are not yet a vailable. There are Internet businesses that have been out for years I’m sure they are succeeding to be around for so long. – Appeal to pity

The New Administrations Abortion Policy essays

The New Administrations Abortion Policy essays One of the reasons that the abortion debate in the United States has historically been vehement, ugly, and impossible to resolve is that people on both sides of the issue have refused to acknowledge that there are compelling arguments favoring both the traditional pro-choice and pro-life positions. Unfortunately, as the American public has grown increasingly polarized about the topic of abortions, so have American politicians. The problem with a politician taking an absolute pro-choice or pro-life stance is that such a position shows a tremendous amount of disrespect and lack of empathy for those Americans who hold opposing views. Therefore, the new administrations policy should not be based on traditional notions of pro-choice or pro-life policies, but reflect a more modern and inclusive position; a pro-life stance that recognizes that societal changes, not legal ones, will be what changes the face of the abortion debate. The fact is that the world has changed dramatically since the decision in Roe v. Wade.1 The trimester system outlined by the Roe justices is no longer scientifically justifiable, because scientific advances mean that a second-trimester fetus has a significant possibility of living outside of the womb. In addition, there is some evidence to suggest that first-trimester embryos may soon have the possibility of living in a donor womb. These advances are of tremendous importance, because the court in Roe v. Wade had to balance two very compelling interests: a womans right to physical autonomy versus the right of an unborn child to life. The trimester system attempted to establish fetal viability, and limited a womans right to an abortion in the third trimester, during which a fetus was considered viable. However, scientific advances have dramatically reduced the age of fetal viability, so that it is possible for most mid-second-trimester pregnancies to be considered viable. Acco rding to th...

Masturbation Research

Masturbation Research Masturbation, although commonly practiced, is a sexual behavior that continues to elicit negative reactions, including embarrassment, shame, stereotypes, and misunderstanding. Indeed, contradictory cultural messages continue to exist regarding sexuality in general and masturbation in particular. While sexologists (sex researchers) and sex therapists describe masturbation as "touching one's genitals in a sexual way" as a means for overall physical, mental, and sexual health, others, such as religious leaders, have described masturbation as immoral (sinful), harmful, unnatural, and dirty. Various research studies focusing on masturbation have found differences in rates of and motivations for masturbation by gender, age, marital status, race and ethnicity, religion, education, and even body image. Further, individuals' use of masturbation may be influenced by prevailing cultural messages about its relative acceptance in contemporary society. Perhaps no other sexual act is both extremely private and publicly ridiculed. Numerous slang expressions are used to represent solitary sex, such as "spanking the monkey" or "dipping into the honey pot."MultipleMasturbate-a-Thon logohistorical records indicate that masturbation has been a consistent part of human existence. Historian Reay Tannahill discusses several ancient civilizations' implicit acceptance of masturbation amid other more regulated sexual behaviors, though masturbation is less accepted for status-conscious men than women. Some Greek women used olisbos, or the ancient equivalent of the dildo, an artificial phallus. However, by the 11th to 16th centuries, many social commentators, mostly religious thinkers, contributed to a discourse that increasingly described masturbation (or any sexual act not leading to conception) as dangerous. These proclamations influenced public opinion to view masturbation the same way. In the early 1700s, masturbation was erroneously called onanism, after Onan of the Old Testament "sp illed his seed on the ground." Religious scholars, though, have since explained that Onan engaged in coitus interruptus rather than masturbation.In the mid-1700s, Swiss physician Samuel Tissot promoted the...

French Verbs - To Take - Amener - Prendre

French Verbs - To Take - Amener - Prendre Confusing French Verbs The English verb to take has several French equivalents, so take a few minutes to learn the difference. Prendre Prendre  is the general, all-purpose French equivalent of to take. It is used to talk about taking something from a place or from someone, taking transportation, taking something to eat, taking a size, etc. Jai pris son livre sur la table.   I took his book from the table. Prends la main de David.   Take Davids hand. Nous allons prendre le train.          Were going to take the train. Je prends un sandwich, sil vous plaà ®t.   Ill take a sandwich, please. Il prend une taille 14 en chemise.   He takes a size 14 shirt. Prenez votre temps.   Take your time. Amener Amener  means to take someone or something  with you.* Jai amenà © mon frà ¨re la fà ªte.   I took my brother to the party Amenons le chien la plage.   Lets take the dog to the beach. Il na pas amenà © la voiture.   He didnt take the car. *Note:  Amener  is part of another set of confusing pairs:  Amener, emmener, apporter, emporter. Other equivalents of to take: Accepter  To take in the sense of  to tolerate  or  to acceptIl nacceptera pas un refus.  He wont take no for an answer.Enlever -  To take something  off,  out,  awaJai enlevà © mon chapeau.  I took my hat off.Qui va enlever les chaises?  Who will take the chairs away? Passer un examen   To take a test Il a passà © trois examens hier.   He took three tests yesterday. Note that  passer  is a  false cognate  here. To pass a test   Rà ©ussir un exame Tirer  (familiar)   To take in the sense of  to steal Quelquun ma tirà © mon portefeuille  !   Someone took my wallet!

Retribution for Slaves Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Retribution for Slaves - Essay Example Nonetheless, the discussion in this paper focuses on retributions for the descendants of historic slavery, since it is held and debated more frequently. Historic slaves in the U.S. performed instinctive labor with no pay, which is against human rights. They were, therefore, at liberty to reparation and, since they are deceased, the money must go to their offspring. The idea does not stop to be correct in due course—legitimacy and justice do not terminating dates. The most significant idea is to ascertain whether the principle of retribution is right. A retribution court case against the United States treasury department was discharged in 1915, but later in 1920s reparation was made a section of Black Nationalist program by Marcus Garvey. The current discussion over retribution was intensified by Randall Robinson’s publication called â€Å"The Debt.† According to Robinson (17), the worth of slave labor for more than 246 years of American historic slavery is more t han trillions of dollars. He illustrated that slaves historic slaves were responsible for the picking and processing of cotton that fueled trade and industry in the United States. Thus, there is the need for the state to establish autonomous community trust kitties that could dispense money into the communities of slave descendants to fund black-owned industries and finance education programs in these regions. Various professionals such as Professor Charles Ogletree of Harvard Law School and various lawyers joined hands to form the Reparations Coordinating Committee. The committee’s mandate has been to sue the U.S. firms that supposedly gained from slavery in the 19th century. Many opponents of slave retributions argue that the entire populations of past slaves are deceased and that their descendants are not warranted to get reparations for the loss of their ancestors. This is somewhat different compared to the U.S. administration’s compensations of living Japanese Ame ricans as a result of detention during the WW II. Since these victims were compensated for their losses, the descendants of historic slaves are warranted to demand reparation from the government. There is no need to quantify the number of individuals that suffered, since all suffered similar gross humiliation of being deprived of their freedom. Assertions regarding the alleged gains of slavery and the slave trade for the victims are provisional and insulting, laid down against the great distress the descendants of African-American experienced. Besides being a territory of great opportunity, the U.S. continued to repress people of African-American origin for many years after the official end to slavery. Even in the current American society, African-American constitutes the largest population of poor social group. According to Winbush (213), retributions to the descendants of slavery through financial support will not to specific individuals, therefore; eradicating the practical probl ems of recognizing claimants. Slavery along with several years of oppression and prejudice after the Civil War directly injured the descendants of African-Americans still alive today. It is well understood that U.S. administration is a continuing institution that is liable for its deeds, whether or not people were there at the instance of the acts in question. Thus, whereas financial support is vital, the demand for reparation will promote the process of

Personal Statement of Project Management Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Of Project Management - Personal Statement Example The course is suitable for individuals, who are from various employment backgrounds and have the ability, skills and knowledge to become a project manager. In this course I will get to understand the techniques and processes that are linked with project management. The process includes management of cost, time, quality, communication, risk and human resources. I will also get to understand the procurement process of the resources that are required for the completion of the project. The program also aims at training the individuals to lead a team and impart motivation skills (Northeastern University, 2013). Presently, responsibilities of project managers have increased over the years with the increase in number of failed projects. The failure or success company projects are dependent on the abilities and skills of the project managers. Products and services of a company needs get launched in the market in a particular period of time. If there is delay in the procurement process of raw materials then the launch of the products is hold back simultaneously. This delay in procurement process can be rectified by an efficient project by contacting a good supplier and convince them to supply the raw materials within a specified time so that the manufacturing process of the products are not hampered. Hence, in order to avoid disturbance in the manufacturing process companies needs to hire skilled project managers, who can effectively manage each step of the project (Northeastern University, 2013). The role of project managers is very challenging as the success or failure of projects is dependent on them. Appropriate sets of skill are required delivering vital projects on time within a particular budget. The project manager has to lead a large team where the team members have different though process and behavior; he has to lead and motivate them to do specific works for the successful completion of projects. The

Methods of Teaching and Assessment in Higher Education in the U.K Essay

Methods of Teaching and Assessment in Higher Education in the U.K - Essay Example Generally, teachers and research professionals make available time tabled classes and independent works for a sizeable amount of time based on the course. Independent learning programs play significant role in current education system in U.K. It has often been identified as promoting international standards for educational programs. Independent learning programs ensure more responsibility from the part of students and they also help students to practice effective time management (Quality Improvement Agency). Therefore, independent learning programs and teaching methods are essential for higher education classrooms for international standards. Direct and lecturing methods of teaching also bestow considerable assistance for students in their researches and they ensure desirable learner outcome and academic development among the students from U.K. Education professionals in U.K strongly advocates the implementation of learner centered education programs. Because of this they have design ed teaching methods with the backgrounds of learning theories. Conventional or traditional methods like lecturing, work place training, seminars and group discussion play vital roles in the field of higher education program in United Kingdom. Lecturing permits the students to get up-to date information about their prescribed topics. Seminars and problem solving methods in higher education class rooms help the students to improve personal skills and gain better understanding. All these teaching methods keep an eye on providing quality education for all and methods like seminars and group discussions help the students to acquire knowledge from various sources. Duke Maskell and Ian Robinson inform that â€Å"More whole class teaching will produce nothing but more classes taught as a... This paper approves that process of assessment demands higher level of accuracy and it plays a significant role in education process. Choice of assessment methods are mingled with the overall objectives of the program. In higher secondary level, it contains the systematic development of various disciplinary skills such as problem solving, observation, and creative thinking among the students. Students prepare assignments, essays, portfolio, open book examinations, dissertations and project works related with their prescribed subjects. Methods of problem solving and developing plans include various activities like work-based problem, group work, case analysis and preparing enquiry report and conference programs. This essay makes a conclusion that it is evident that innovative teaching methods and assessment techniques in universities provide sufficient academic development for students. Higher education programs in U.K. practices various teaching methods which included the elements of both traditional and modern teaching methods. Effective assessment methods are developed through the support of various learning theories like cognitive theory and constructivism. Existing teaching methods and assessment programs satisfy students’ requirement. Various fields of higher education in U.K. like language and literature, professional education, electronics and communication and healthcare provide international standard for its curriculum as well teaching and assessment methods.

Business Formal report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Formal report - Essay Example Memo of Transmittal DATE: October XX, XXXX. TO: FROM: XXXX SUBJECT: Business In response to the request made by you on October XX, 2012, I have completed writing the project report after undergoing a detailed research using both primary and secondary sources regarding the various factors related to intercultural communication. I am pleased to present you the project report as asked by you. Please find the report attached herewith. The problem statement in this research study is to develop best practices of intercultural communication for the assigned company. The study has selected United Kingdom as target market for the company. The study used case study of a Polish manufacturer in order to understand existing best practices in the business environment. Based on the findings and analysis of the research study, it is recommended that the company needs to adopt British culture and recruit local people to overcome linguistics barrier in the United Kingdom. Detailed recommendations are illustrated in last section of the study. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions associated with the project report or if you need any kind of additional information. I will try to assist you in every possible way. Enc. Project Report Table of Contents Table of Contents 4 Scenario 3 6 PESTLE of UK 6 Political 6 Economical 6 Social 6 Technological 7 Environmental 7 Legal 7 Porter’s Diamond Model 8 Chance Factor 8 Factor Condition 8 Firm’s Strategy 8 Demand 8 Supporting Facility 9 Government 9 PIMLICO 9 Strategic Initiative 9 Phases of PIMLICO 10 Case Study on Industry Best Practices 11 Recommendation 12 Conclusion 14 Works Cited 15 Scenario 3 United Kingdom has been selected for the company to open their first international division. A macro environment auditing is needed to be done in order to understand business opportunities present in the country (Henry 52-58). PESTLE of UK Political The political issues represent the ongoing political situation of the country. It indicates the factors such as tax policies, political changes and issues regarding trade restriction, tariffs and the constancy of the government. The political design of United Kingdom is a legal monarchy and also a parliamentary system. The country is very much politically stable. Economical The economic contributors include gross domestic product, interest rates, unemployment rates, inflation rate and growth rate of the economy. The economy of UK is one of the strongest economies around the globe. UK is regards as highly manufacturing country. The other significant sectors of UK include fishing, tourism, agricultural and finance. The official currency of United Kingdom is British pound sterling. Social The social issues include patterns in demographics such as size, population, cultural factors and consumer behavior. The culture of UK regards the idiosyncratic cultural inheritance. British people generally speak English as the local language. It is classified by the existence of dissimilar types of consumers in the market. Technological Factors comprise rate of new product development, increase in process automation and other technical infrastructures such as technology transfer, technology inducements, internet application and research & development. In United Kingdom technology plays central parts of any business.

The Clask Between the FBI and the Branch Davidian Cult Research Paper

The Clask Between the FBI and the Branch Davidian Cult - Research Paper Example This concluded with an initiative from the FBI which involved gas grenades being thrown into the structure. At least 75 members of the cult died in the resulting fire. This essay considers the role which the FBI played in this confrontation, whether the results needed to occur the way they did, whether there was bias involved and who is to blame for the deaths. It is proposed that the FBI acted in a more violent manner than was needed and did not consider alternative options. As a consequence, the tragedy that occurred may have been avertable. History The Branch Davidians are a religious group that grew from the Seventh-day Adventist church. The cult was founded by Victor Houteff in 1930 following being exiled from the Seventh-day Adventists. Houteffin took the passage in revelation which reveals that 144,000 will be saved. The term Davidian came from Houteffin’s belief that he would establish a new kingdom in the manner to that of King David in the Old Testament, and that he himself was similar to David. This group existed as the Davidian Seventh-day Adventist Association until 1960. At this point in time Houteffin had been dead for five years and his wife had taken control of the association. She prophesied that the 22nd of April, 1959 was a day that was marked in revelation, which could possibly represent the return of Christ, the beginning of judgments on the world, and the beginning of the Davidic kingdom. The day passed without incident and this resulted in disillusionment by many of the followers, eventually resulting in the total collapse of the cult. Following the dissolution of the cult, Benjamin Roden built a faction claiming that the sign that was meant to occur on the April 22 was his arrival. He named this the Branch Davidians, and led the group until his death in 1978. Following this leadership passed to his wife, and then to their son, George, on her death. George considered himself to be divinely appointed, and eventually considered hims elf to be the messiah. Like Houteffin, Vernon Howell (also known as David Koresh) was originally from a Seventh-day Adventist Church. He entered the compound of the Branch Davidians in 1981, clashing consistently with Roden. The tension between the two eventually led to Koresh leaving the compound, and subsequently joined by other members of the group. The conflict did not cease, and in 1987 it culminated in a night raid by Koresh and seven followers of the Roden compound. Roden claimed that Koresh was attempting to murder him, yet despite this claim, Koresh and his men were not sentenced, while Roden was incarcerated for six months.This incarceration gave Koresh the chance to assume leadership of the compound. It was at this compound, in 1993 that a violent and bloody clash occurred between the Branch Davidians and the FBI. The Conflict On April 19, 1993 a confrontation took place between members of the Branch Davidian cult and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) at the Waco, Texas Branch Davidian compound. The aim of the raid was to look for evidence of child abuse by David Koresh, and to search for illegal weapons which were suspected to be on the premises. The raid resulted in violence and exchange of gunfire where six cult members and four agents were killed. This prompted a 51 day standoff between the cult members and the BATF, who were quickly replaced with the FBI. This stalemate was ended with a second raid, which resulted in the compound being burnt and at least 75 members of the cult were killed a third of which were children under the age of 15. Koresh was also killed in the fire .The outcome of the raid prompted many different responses, with some people blaming the FBI for the death of the cult members, while others considered that the Branch

Business Formal report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Formal report - Essay Example Memo of Transmittal DATE: October XX, XXXX. TO: FROM: XXXX SUBJECT: Business In response to the request made by you on October XX, 2012, I have completed writing the project report after undergoing a detailed research using both primary and secondary sources regarding the various factors related to intercultural communication. I am pleased to present you the project report as asked by you. Please find the report attached herewith. The problem statement in this research study is to develop best practices of intercultural communication for the assigned company. The study has selected United Kingdom as target market for the company. The study used case study of a Polish manufacturer in order to understand existing best practices in the business environment. Based on the findings and analysis of the research study, it is recommended that the company needs to adopt British culture and recruit local people to overcome linguistics barrier in the United Kingdom. Detailed recommendations are illustrated in last section of the study. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions associated with the project report or if you need any kind of additional information. I will try to assist you in every possible way. Enc. Project Report Table of Contents Table of Contents 4 Scenario 3 6 PESTLE of UK 6 Political 6 Economical 6 Social 6 Technological 7 Environmental 7 Legal 7 Porter’s Diamond Model 8 Chance Factor 8 Factor Condition 8 Firm’s Strategy 8 Demand 8 Supporting Facility 9 Government 9 PIMLICO 9 Strategic Initiative 9 Phases of PIMLICO 10 Case Study on Industry Best Practices 11 Recommendation 12 Conclusion 14 Works Cited 15 Scenario 3 United Kingdom has been selected for the company to open their first international division. A macro environment auditing is needed to be done in order to understand business opportunities present in the country (Henry 52-58). PESTLE of UK Political The political issues represent the ongoing political situation of the country. It indicates the factors such as tax policies, political changes and issues regarding trade restriction, tariffs and the constancy of the government. The political design of United Kingdom is a legal monarchy and also a parliamentary system. The country is very much politically stable. Economical The economic contributors include gross domestic product, interest rates, unemployment rates, inflation rate and growth rate of the economy. The economy of UK is one of the strongest economies around the globe. UK is regards as highly manufacturing country. The other significant sectors of UK include fishing, tourism, agricultural and finance. The official currency of United Kingdom is British pound sterling. Social The social issues include patterns in demographics such as size, population, cultural factors and consumer behavior. The culture of UK regards the idiosyncratic cultural inheritance. British people generally speak English as the local language. It is classified by the existence of dissimilar types of consumers in the market. Technological Factors comprise rate of new product development, increase in process automation and other technical infrastructures such as technology transfer, technology inducements, internet application and research & development. In United Kingdom technology plays central parts of any business.

America's Post-Civil War Growing Pains Assignment

America's Post-Civil War Growing Pains - Assignment Example The end of reconstruction where Hayes withdrew the last union troops from the south also took place during this time. The civil war and the reconstruction periods were the major turning points in the history of America (Robert 2008). The civil war was a tragic conflict that made people to turn against each other brother against brother where the generic slaves were acting only as a historical backdrop. The civil war separated people and still united them as a nation. It was fought over the secession of the union. Some of the causes of the civil war were: slavery, nationalism and honor, the election of Abraham Lincoln, territorial crisis and the constitution among others. The reconstruction period followed the civil war and it disastrous as it was caused by early granting of political and civil rights to the African Americans. The reconstruction period brought about various questions like what would be the place of the freed African Americans in the south? And did the abolition mean t hat the blacks could have equal opportunities like the whites? Though the civil war was over reconstruction was also a kind of war. The civil war and reconstruction had an impact on the nationalist collectivism of the Americans as they encouraged the collectivist to promote their visions of reform and devalued the individualism of the American society. Individuality became more of a liability than an asset. Industrial expansion after the civil war made way for changes in urbanization of America. America became more urbanized, there was the growth of cities in size and population and extensive new systems of transportation. They also led to immigration of new foreign people who posed a threat to the political systems and increased the unemployment rate as they were more than willing to work for lower wages that the native-born Americans refused. The civil war and reconstruction led to problems which affect the integrity of the government, the way industrial workers are treated, the n eeds of the western farmers and the treatment of the immigrants (Perman 2008). The civil war and reconstruction had an impact on the America’s economy as it imposed substantial costs. Both civil war and reconstruction had a negative impact on the private investments through the process of range substitution. These wars led to the destruction of economic infrastructure and human lives. They undermined the state legitimacy thus posing a threat to the rule of law and property rights security. These wars created economic uncertainty on America’s economy putting both public and private investments at risk. The civil war and reconstruction had a negative impact on the economic production as it reduced the growth and level of the capital stock and damaging the government’s fiscal balance. This made the government to move its expenditure from production enhancing services to the conduct of the wars. The destruction of slavery had a negative impact on the cotton producti on. The civil war and reconstruction era impacted politics in various ways. This era led to a greater political division especially among the southerners and northerners and refused to unite. By allowing the blacks to participate in politics this led to corruption, and poor running of the government (Richard 2008). The reconstruction led to the development of the south and positive progress for the former slaves and the end of the whites’

Organisation and Management †Assignment One Essay Example for Free

Organisation and Management – Assignment One Essay For the purpose of this assignment I have chosen transport and logistics company Mainfreight Limited. I will be focusing specifically on the outbound night crew. This team is responsible for loading freight from the Wellington region onto trucks to be sent to branches across New Zealand. Inside this team there is one supervisor who works with the loading team on the floor also loading and is responsible for smooth daily operations. The mid level manager is the Operations Manager who is responsible for the supervisor and implementing organisational plans such as reducing damages to freight. The top manager in this case is the Branch Manager who sets goals for the branch and oversees planning for the future. Q1) An economic reason for a truck loading crew operating at night is that it’s cheaper to travel at night due to faster travel times and less fuel consumption for the trucks on empty roads I think this reason applies most strongly to my organisation because it will increase the profit. A social reason for the organisation is that there is less risk of accidents late at night on empty roads. A personal reason to form this organisation could be a love for trucks. Q2) Figurehead: The most well known figurehead of Mainfreight Wellington is the branch manager, an activity could be a speech at the grand opening, skills he would need include public speaking competency and reliability. Entrepreneur: The entrepreneur of the branch initiates innovative solutions and change to the organisation such as the branch manager diversifying from road transport to including rail or sea transportation. Some skills needed for this role are creativity and brevity. Resource allocator: Within my organisation this role is filled by the operations manager, who distributes resources such as equipment like forklifts and workers if needed to fulfill the crews workload. Some skills needed for this role are time management and planning ability. Disseminator: An activity a manager in this role might perform is gathering information from customers and producing estimates of freight quantities for the truck loaders who could then plan how they layout their loads. Skills need ed are the ability to gather and analyze information. Q3) ‘Soldiering’ by Frederick Taylor is when workers purposely limit output by not working to full capacity in order to avoid causing redundancies and to avoid losing incentive pay by exceeding required performance levels. The impacts of workers ‘soldiering’ on my organisation could mean that if there is a large influx of freight and workers don’t load it all that night, the delay could anger the customer who will then take their business elsewhere. If workers are soldiering performance will not be maximized and low productivity could cause a fall in capital investment and the eventual decline of the business. Q4) ‘Time and motion studies’ streamline task processes by reducing inefficient motions and then once the task process has been adjusted through motion studies the time studies then seeks to reflect a standard length of time in which the refined task process should be completed. Time and Motion studies’ are a technique to increase task efficiency by workers to increase the output with no greater physical effort. An impact of TM studies on my organisation is that incoming freight is placed in bays so loaders do not have to go back and forth to the unloading area.

Drug Policies And The War On Drugs Criminology Essay

Drug Policies And The War On Drugs Criminology Essay The War on Drugs is an aggressive drug policy aimed at bringing the fight towards drug suppliers and cartels. It began during Nixons term when he escalated Americas problem with drugs as a moral equivalent of war (Ratliff). Presidents Ford and Carter expanded Nixons resolve when they focused the war by attacking the supply lines of drugs. Reagan followed through by militarising and launching strikes to suppliers and drug cartels and tripling its funds in drug eradication. The War on Drugs went on for years with the United States running a foreign policy that sought to encourage, persuade, bribe, or coerce its neighbouring countries (Ibid) to join them in their giant crusade against drugs. South American countries mostly supported this war because this increased their chances to receive U.S. aid. War on Drugs became a media maelstrom in the mid-80s when basketball stat Len Bias died of cocaine overdose. What followed was the signing of the Drug Policy known as the Anti-Drug Abuse Act that placed the problem of drugs as a national security problem. With the Anti-Drug Abuse Act, the U.S. government started to use military and intelligence forces in the war against drugs. What started as a metaphor actually escalated into reality when the US. Military invaded Panama to seize Manuel Noriega in 1989, who was then imprisoned for drug trafficking. Afterwards, during the Clinton administration, the United States increased its funds in countering the supply-side of drug trafficking. George W. Bush added billions more to the war on drugs effort, though by this time. The so-called war on drugs have become a very unpopular issue and many have become opposed to it. The war on drugs has also lost steam since it has been a foregone priority as the United States has become focused on countering international terrorism. Despite this the debate continues, for almost 40 years in its existence, U.S. has shuffled opinions on what to do with the decades-old policy on the crusade against drugs. Should they hang up their gloves and look for alternative solutions. The government has weighed in the pros and cons of the matter. The pros on the war on drugs are looked in the sociological importance of continuing the crusade. It is believed that drug trafficking is a flagrant disrespect of the law, and society is compelled to punish such rebellion through overt force. Punishment and retribution are the keys to stopping drug trafficking and therefore the justice system should criminalise the activity and all its forms. Therefore, putting traffickers behind bars is part of the literature of war. When theyre shut out, drug availability is reduced; and so when you decrease the availability of drugs, abuse goes down too. In short, the war on drugs is really about tackling the supply side of drugs. The U.S. government directs its efforts in purging all supply lines and drug cartels to stop the availability of drugs. When the United States elevated this priority into their foreign policies, what they actually did was to compel other countries to take care of their citizens in terms of health and safety, protect its youth from becoming corrupted by drugs and pushers. The U.S. war on drugs spread like wildfire reminding that this is not just one countries war, the problem of drugs is a global human problem that everyone should take seriously. In the process, because of the war on drugs, elaborate institutions and industries around the world emerged from prison systems, anti-terrorism, anti-money laundering-governments became more aware. However, the downside of the war on drugs is staggering. To many, the war just ended up as the militarization of Latin America. Mexico is now spending $800 million to a billion a year on the drug war (Tavis), just because they dont want Americans invading them just like what they did in Panama. So Mexicans do it themselves: 90% goes to enforcement and the military to purge drug trafficking and only 10% goes to drug treatment. A good number of local officials argue that good share of that gargantuan budget should have gone to Mexicos under-education, impoverishment, etc. The same goes with Colombia and the rest of South America. To the general opinion of many, the U.S. led war on drugs is just a silent Vietnam War that is putting civil war into a boiling point. Dissidents on the war on drugs argue that the term itself war is an inappropriate metaphor. It gives the wrong idea. Yes, there is nothing wrong about thinking war on drugs in the context of law enforcement. Law enforcement is an indispensable tool in control and outlawing drug market-related violence. Very few contend on this argument. But when you start to think a war on drugs as sending troops to other countries then that is a different matter entirely. This is something many have opposed to, like the way Americans now bitterly opposes the war on Iraq. In this case, the war on drugs truly fits its description, a war that amounts to billions that are operated from a situation room, targeting an exact enemy; the suppliers, the factories, the Colombian drug cartels, the problems they cause. But to operate the war on drugs as if America is up against the Nazis is looking at the problem from the wrong end. Here, drug trafficking runs in two ways: there are the foreign suppliers and theirs the local demand. You just cant solve the problem by military strength when the problem also comes from within? Thus, heres where the biggest criticism of the war on drugs: its too short-sighted. Its examining only one side of the pole. This war on drugs has escalated so far that the U.S. government no longer mind about collateral damage. They want to win the war conventionally. But what should be understood is that this is a war against people. For example, Colombia is a place of continued violence between left-wing guerrillas and right-wing militias. Peasants have nothing more to live on besides growing coca because theres demand for it. Now, with the war on drugs, the United States want to stop growing coca at all costs, without giving aid to peasants to do other profitable livelihoods. So the peasants end up as collateral damage. By killing the supply lines, the U.S. believes that the demand will die. And so they keep focusing on the killing supply by all means possible, even by arrogant policies such as the potential annual decertification of Latin American government that are determined not to cooperate with the United States (Ratliff). Why the war on drugs became so criticised, it is because of this very policy, which has strained and continues to strain relations with Latin American countries. The negative effect of these policies has weakened foreign institutions of garnering support from their own countries, especially if they adhere to the United States. In fact, theres a growing number of Hispanics that are already disenfranchised with the whole crusade (Tavis). There are generally two factions: one started supporting guerillas (who wants America to be decertified) and the other looking for ways to distance themselves with the U.S. and not cooperate like Mexico has done. For experts, they are of a strong opinion that America should not continue the war on drugs on the basis that focusing only on the supply side of the problem will not amount to anything, it will only be a waste of money. What U.S. should do is start facing the reality that the real problem comes from the demand side; that the root of the problem is from within. You cant call a war when the problem is within. You need alternative solutions. One example is to look at the problem not as a security threat or even a delinquency but rather as a health problem, stemming from a lack of education or youth cultural disillusionment. The way to treat drugs is to spend more money on schools, treatment efforts, not on prisons and on the military. Another problem with the war on drugs is that it looks at very limited solutions. For example, the so-called war is too focused on marijuana (Conan). Other drugs, like crack and other harder drugs, tend to be overlooked. Violent crimes are mostly committed by someone on hard drugs, not on marijuana. Now if they only focused on harder drugs, you can get a little more done. After President Obamas inauguration, the new drug policy was to drop the war on drugs term from the language of the administration. This is a drastic change from the approach of previous presidents and steer the new drug policy towards prevention harm reduction strategies that is much favoured in Europe (Glaister). The new administration embraced new drug policies supporting federally funded needle exchanges with an aim, according to David Johnson, assistant secretary of state, was to establish a policy based on public health needs (ibid). The objective of this new policy that replaces the war on drug stance is to create stronger and broader regulations than the drug policies in the past. The executive director of the Drugs Policy Alliance, Ethan Nadelman, has long sought for alternatives to the old policy of war on drugs, and the changed that Obama instigated was a welcome relief to his organisation. Washington officials reaffirmed in a congressional meeting held in March 2009 that the administration had to shift the age-old national drug policy as a response to the growing trend that drug-related violence has been transferring from the US to Mexico despite the aggressive military campaign against drug suppliers. The meeting followed a report from former presidents of South America, particularly, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, who all opined that the war on drugs policy was a complete and utter failure (Ibid). Many conservative politicians in the South blamed the United States for emphasising more on criminalising drug use and drug supplying rather than tackling the addiction problem itself. The criminalization and the aggressive approach of the war on crime only create an increase death toll. The new approach must, therefore, be based on public health. Obama is looking at a more proactive side in creating a new drug policy aimed at reform and rehabilitation, rather than intimidation. This is a lesson learned from the damages that the War on Drugs has created. Through over-criminalization, it has so far assaulted American civil liberties, clog the jails and courts. This new policy also paved the way for police corruption, like what happened in the 1999 Rampart Scandal case that involved department-wide corruption and racketeering of the LAPD. The war on drugs is also open for abuse by misguided police officers that confiscate drugs to criminals and then enrich themselves by reselling it. Worse, the war on drugs has so far cost the taxpayers approximately $3.2 billion during the Reagan and Bush presidency and then another set of billions were spent during Clintons administration (Drug Policy). Furthermore, because of it, the United States was suddenly propelled as having the highest per-capita incarceration rate for any nation in the world. The problem is drug use has not decreased and crimes committed in connection with addiction and drug use continue the upward trend. It seems there is no stopping a great number of Americans of wanting various drugs and they always have the money to buy a quick drug fix. $3.2 billion was spent on law enforcement, not a dollar went to rehab centres. Most of them went to the military to combat alongside Latin American governments to build para-militaries against cartels. What should have been done is to spent that money back home and treat the root of the problem of addiction and lack of education on drug use. Obama, who described in his autobiography having used marijuana and cocaine, steered his administration to finally get rid of the war on crime and treat needle exchanges for intravenous drug users a healthcare issue (Sullivan). Because it is true, obviously, that putting drug users in jail would not do anything concrete if you dont treat them. Once released, they return to the same neighbourhood and is back to the same problem. This is what the new drug policy should be addressing.

Study Proposal for a Social Studies and Premedical (Premed) Student Ess

Study Proposal for a Social Studies and Premedical (Premed) Student As a Social Studies and premedical student, I aspire to lead an international health and development non-governmental organization (NGO). Combining my skills as a physician and practitioner of development, I plan to enhance the health of marginalized, persecuted, and exiled populations. Through direct interaction with government bodies and humanitarian NGOs, I hope to highlight and curb the medical and psychological burdens stemming from human rights violations. Building on my skills as a humanitarian law and refugee tracing instructor, I also wish to train international and indigenous relief personnel to ensure the sanitary, nutritional, and health standards of uprooted populations. Aspiring to bring holistic leadership to the health and humanitarian sector, I must thoroughly understand and know to confront the social, political, and cultural factors linked with poor health. I therefore propose to pursue and academically focussed MPhil in Development Studies preferably from Oxford U niversity or from the Univers...

Business Intergration Essay

New IT developments are important to all business disciplines because they trigger changes in marketing operations, e-commerce, logistics, human resources, finance, accounting, and relationships with customers and business partners. Nothing about business or corporate strategy is untouched by IT (Turban & Volonino, 2011). The five elements of an IT-enabled business strategy Business strategy| * Contains the mission, vision, and objectives of the organization * States the company’s market strategy * Describes the unique value proposition the company offers customers * Provides the distinct value configuration of the organization| Business expectations of IT| * Describes how the company might expect IT to contribute to the success of the * business * Possible business expectations of IT include delivering better value, reducing costs, * or improving products and services| IT strategy| * Provides information on IT applications * Describes how to develop the competencies of the people who work in IT * States how IT is to be organized and controlled within the company * Describes the technical infrastructure| IT assessment| * Aims to reveal how technology helps or hinders a business * Can include network and systems performance reviews, software audits, and * concept testing and development * Can include strategic evaluations, technical reviews, and risk management * Should recommend how to use technology to meet business goals| IT plans| * Outlines a company’s long-term IT plans * Is concerned with how IT should be deployed, managed, and implemented in the * future * Should be cost effective and in line with business goals| What are the advantages of aligning business and IT strategies? There are many advantages when an organization IT strategies are aligned with the organizations business strategies. Information technology is a key business function in almost every successful organization. An effective IT strategy will enable businesses to: * Reduce cost; * Standardize processes; * Enhance productivity; * Improve risk control mechanism; * Implement new business strategies; * Facilitate organic and acquisition driven growth; * Gain competitive advantage by exploiting new technology; Other benefits of the alignment of IT and business strategy is automation, knowledge, organizational improvements, and innovation. Automation can result in increased efficiency while decreasing cost. Knowledge in IT is the ability of an organization to collect, store, process, and disseminate information. The benefit of knowledge gained from IT is cost reduction, greater efficiency, and increased revenues. IT also leads to organizational improvements which usually lead to more decentralized leadership structure which improves the overall effectiveness of the organization. Proper alignment of IT and business strategy can make an organization stand out and look different from its competitors. This alignment can provide a competitive advantage for an organization. How does IT deliver business benefits that are related to the business strategy? IT delivers business benefit by performing high-speed, high volume, and numerical computation. IT provides fast, accurate communication and collaboration unrestricted by time and location. IT gives organizations the ability to store huge amounts of information that is accessible via private networks and the internet. In addition it enables automation of routine decisions making and help facilitate complex decision making. IT also improves the ability to make informed decisions. IT also helps to facilitate collaboration, enhance customer relationships, develop new analytic capabilities, and provide feedback on performance. Reference Turban, E., & Volonino, L. (2011). Information Technology for Management (8th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

E-Marketing Strategy

E-marketing is an effective tool to establish and strength the corporate brand image. The brand relation can be strengthened by online presence (through website and services) with an aim to retain the customers and eliminate the price factor. More and more people are using net which is creating great potential for online business. A brand expressed the hopes and expectations of customers. The online presence of an established brand also requires such criterions where customers expect some thing different than every day website. For an well known brand, it is not just dumping information online, but establishing communication, telling the visitors clearly; what is company about and what it stand for? Pepsi is successful in conveying that image. Its website www. pepsi. com is filled with many innovative features to capture the attention of visitors. The E-marketing strategy is based on the similar principals as traditional marketing 4P’s (Product, Price, Promotion and Position); however online marketing needs some additional P’s (People, Process, and Proof). E-marketing is the extended form of traditional marketing requiring the synthesis of the following factors; Personalization, Privacy and Security, Customer Service, Site, Sales Promotion. These functions allow managers to further their businesses online. (a) Personalization The basic concept behind the personalization is to understand a certain customer and establish relation. Thus the vital issue is to gather information about customer and then develop personalized products and services. For example Amazon asks the customers to make an account; where customer provides information about themselves. Based on this customer information, every time a customer logs in, products related to customer interests automatically pops up. This strategy works two ways; it allows the marketers to target individuals on personal level; and on the other hand it allows individual customers to go no further, but find product right in front of their eyes. (b) Privacy and Security Privacy is related to personalization. When businesses gathers information and store this customer information; the crucial issue is to make it safe. A major task of e-marketing strategy is to develop policy or guide lines for gathering information and keep this information private and confidential. Another crucial issue is security. Any transaction performed on the websites becomes the responsibly of the business and to ensure that no outsider is able to access the information. Thus a wise marketer will convey clear and convincing the customers that their provided data is safe hands. (c) Customer Service Like any traditional business, customer service is an essential part of e-business. Good customer service is a key to gain loyalty form the customers. Compared to traditional service online shoppers can come from anywhere in the world with different time zones; providing 24/7 customer service in crucial. One example is precisionreservation. com which provides online (hotel) booking to travelers. The booking is done automatically, while the copy of booking is sent via email. In case of any question, live support is available 24/7 through online customer service. Such excellent strategy allows the customers service to reach customers in real-time. d) Site E-marketing interaction takes place online on digital location which is called site. This location /site have to be available 24/7 and should have the infrastructure to support the number of visitors it receives each day. For any online business, the name should be very clear and should not be confused with any other name. The site should not have any resemblance to any other brand or any other business which makes t he customers confused. Any such resemblance is considered unethical practice and has severe consequences. Another issue is scalability; Amazon receives million of visitors with hundreds of orders each day. Amazon is able to meet the growing number of customers orders as its website has the vital infrastructure for its growing number of customers. (e) Promotions In any effective marketing campaigns, sales promotions are crucial. While developing an e-marketing strategy it is essential to develop online sales promotions targeted at shoppers. The target of any promotion is not long term sales, but achieving immediate goals (in term of volumes). Other than traditional methods; such as discount marketing manger needs to understand the latest technology well enough to exploit it. For example; doing promotions through RSS, which instead of news letter provides almost live data on day- to- day basis. It is very easy for online shoppers to compare the price before they make purchase; which makes it inevitable to check the competitors prices and promotions before starting any campaign. Conclusion For companies who already have established brands need to reach to the online consumers through consistent advertising to enhance their corporate image. One easy way is use the search engines; such as Yahoo and Google who offer relevant add with the queries surfers are seeking. This strategy helps in reaching old and new customers more effectively rather than waiting for customers. E-marketing needs new dimension to be considered compared with traditional marketing, even though e-marketing is evolved from traditional marketing. However such concepts revolve around the principal where customer and business can reach each other in a meaningful way.

Attribution Theory Essay

Attribution Theory Definition The process by which persons interpret and pinpoint causes for their own personal and other’s behaviour is the theory of attribution. 1 In this motivational theory, a person always finds a way to explain things, he make inferences on why things or events occur. After explaining the events a person then predicts future events through his inferences. He wants to understand the reasons or causes behind behaviour of people and why events happen. It was first proposed by Fritz Heider in 1958 and further developed by Harold Kelly and Bernard Weiner. Theories Internal vs. External Attributions Every person observe and analyze things differently thus having different ways of explaining things. The attribution theory proposes that when people observe and analyze things they try to find out whether it is caused internally or externally. 2 Attribution is a three-stage process: (1) Observation of an individual behaviour, (2) Determination whether the behaviour is intentional and (3) Attribution of the observed behaviour to internal or external factors.Those that are believed that can be personally controlled are called internal attributions while those believed to be caused by outside forces are external attributions. 2Â  Example of internal attributions are ability, personality, mood, efforts, attitudes or disposition while external attributions are task, other people and luck. 4 Following is an example of an application of this theory is when an employee failed to perform in a given task, a manager tries to explain why this thing h appened. He may attribute this failure to poor efforts made by his subordinate (internal attribute) or he may consider that the given task maybe be too difficult for his employee (external attribute). Consistency, Distinctiveness and Consensus On the other hand, when making a determination between internal and external causes of behaviour, three factors must be considered: (1) consistency, (2) distinctiveness and (3) consensus. 1 Consistency is how frequent a person behaves similarly when faced with the same situations. Distinctiveness is how different a person behaves when faced with different types of situations. Consensus is when a group of people behaves similarly when faced with the same situation. 2 When a person behaves similarly when faced with same situations, we can say that the consistency is high; if he acts differently every time exposed with the same situation, consistency is low. 3 An example of consistency is the following is when an employee consistently has a low performance when he always assigned in a individual task rather when he is assigned in a group task. The observed behaviour of the employee wherein there is a high consistency can be attributed to an internal factor which is attitude. When a person behaves differently during different types of situations distinctiveness is high; if he behaves similarly during different situations, distinctiveness is low. 3 An example of distinctiveness is when an honor student gets high grades (same behaviour) in all of his subjects during three consecutive grading periods (different situations). The observed behaviour of the student wherein there is a low distinctiveness can be attributed to an internal factor which is ability or effort. When the observed behaviour of a group of people is the same in a given situation, consensus is high; if this group behaves differently given a similar situation, consensus is low. 3 An example of distinctiveness is when all students are late in a first period class (consensus is high), the attribution to this behaviour maybe due to an external factor which is traffic caused by a vehicular accident. Figure 1. Summary of the key elements in attribution theory. 2 Errors and Biases in Attribution The difference on how every person thinks, perceive and judge things may lead to some biases. One may consider the greater attributes of certain occurrences to external factors rather than internal factors or the other way around, well on the actual these considerations may not be correct all the time. Fundamental Attribution Error and Self-serving Bias Fundamental attribution error is when people have the tendency to consider the influence of external factors more than considering the influence of internal or personal factors. 2 An example of this is when we attribute the promotion of an officemate to perfect timingor luck rather than to his own efforts and perseverance. Self-serving bias is overestimating the influence of internal factors or personal traits rather than assigning external or situational factors to certain occurrences. When a person attributes his personal success to his own traits or internal and his misfortunes to bad luck or external factors, he is thus committing a self-serving bias. 1Self-fulfilling Prophecy Perceiver’s expectations for a person will cause the perceiver to treat the person perceived differently and the person perceived will respond in a way that confirms the initial expectations. 1 Example of this is when a teacher thinks that his student will do well during his exam so he spends more time with this student and coaches him well, in return the student will get a high score in the exam. Summary Attribution theory is important to management because managers’ and employees’ actions and opinion can be influenced by how they perceive or see the reasons that cause human behaviour given a certain situation. 3 Different attributions of a manager to an employee’s attitude and performance can affect the standing of the employee in the organization. If a manager attributes the employee’s poor performance to lack of effort in performing the assigned task, he may fail the employee or give the employee a low rating during performance appraisals. On the other hand, if the manager attributes the poor performance to the high level of difficulty of the job, the manager may review and revise the job specifications to lessen the difficulty level of the job. Attribution also affects employee motivation. If an employee attributes the success to external factors, then they may lose motivation since anything that may occur is beyond their control. If an employee attributes success to internal factors like perseverance, then they are expected to have a high motivation for their job.

US. Foreign Policy throttling the growth of Russian Economy Essay

US. Foreign Policy throttling the growth of Russian Economy - Essay Example The researcher has discussed that the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War left Russia with unresolved issues that the West vehemently needed to change. The imminent split of the Soviet Union had Russia with an area almost 70 percent of the former USSR. Moreover, all the nuclear warheads estimated to be about 27000 remain in the hands of Russia, making it a foe to the American national security interest. These factors influence policy in Washington to dislodge the power of the Russian Federation. The Russian relation with the U.S. has been shaky because of its domestic trajectory, regional influence, and its international department. Russia’s stance on Iran’s nuclear facilities, its increased energy activities in Europe as well as poor democratic processes have worried the U.S. for over two decades. Moreover, the Russia Georgia conflict was against the interests of America in the region. For these reasons, the U.S. has applied a tightened foreign policy toward Russia with the aim of weakening its economy. The aggressive foreign policy of the Reagan administration brought the imminent collapse of the Soviet Union. The U.S. support for guerrillas fighting in Afghanistan had negative consequences for the Russian defence spending. In addition, the U.S. programme in the defence system made the Soviet counteract with a similar programme, but it was expensive given that Russia could not match the U.S. defence spending. This brought strain to the Russian domestic economy. The programme coded â€Å"Star wars† negatively affected the Soviet political and economic institutions.

Global Warming as an Ethical Issue Research Paper

Global Warming as an Ethical Issue - Research Paper Example The post war era saw the development of the industry on rapid scale. This came about in the form of development sector, heavy industry, production and manufacturing field. All these industries and developmental progresses led to the dimension of industrial wastes. The wastes so emitted from the industry were not just limited to the industrial surroundings; rather it got infused into the surroundings as well in the form of water, air and people. The original and slowly visible traces of the global warming can be traced back to the days of late 19th and early 20th century when industries saw a boom and technology gained impetus leading to establishment of heavy industries. The water waste is a result of number of things. These include the direct disposition of wastes into the water in the form of dumping of wastes. The others include the addition and disposition of wastes through the pipelines and exits of the industries and other heavily built machinery and instruments into the waters and seas. The different parts of the developed communities show heavy pipelines being developed and leading into the seas, rivers and oceans. The direct impact falls upon the water that is within the oceans, the sea life in the form of the fishery and other living material. Furthermore, the impact also falls upon the water extracted from these rivers and seas which is used for the domestic purposes at homes. Finally, the coral reef and other naturally gifted and present under sea wild life and aquatic material is at a threat. The waste material forms pours of clouding and protection which leads to prevention of sun reaching deep into the water, as a result the coral ree f damage. The coral reef makes up for an integral part of the sea life and healthy coral reef adds to the beauty as well as the overall naturally balanced aquatic life. The recent times have seen the usage of open